Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Author and Publication Year	Country	Health focus	Intervention and target population	Outcome	Lessons learned
Alhassan et al., 2015 [17]	Ghana	Patient safety and quality of care in PHC	Systematic community engagement (SCE) - both gender, 18 years and older	1. Efforts towards increasing patient safety and reduced risk improved significantly	SCE increased patient safety and reduced risk reduction.
Barker et al., 2007 [27]	South Africa	PHC	Community participation in PHC projects to both gender, all age group	1. Community participation was broadened. 2. There was minimal shift in power over decision making and resources.	Community participation increased community engagement.
Mahmood et al., 2020 [22]	Bangladesh	PHC	Community based community scorecard (CSC) intervention to both gender, all age group	1. The community scorecard is a practical and accepted method for including the public and healthcare providers in the monitoring and management of health facilities. 2. In order for CSC to be effective at scale, proper contextualization, institutional capacity building, and policy integration will be necessary.	Community scorecards have the potential to improve health service delivery at the community level, especially in countries where health systems confront issues in terms of accountability, quality, and coverage.
Sakeah et al., 2021 [23]	Ghana	PHC	Community members and health professionals' participation in PHC projects to both gender,18 years and older	1. By organizing communities for health initiatives and providing basic healthcare services in rural places, the CHPS program plays a vital role in primary health care.	The involvement of self-motivated community health volunteers and health professionals are Strengthening health service at community level
Makaula et al., 2019 [25]	Malawi	PHC	Community-directed intervention (CDI) approach both gender, all age group among villagers	1. The CDI strategy may be used in rural locations and is feasible, acceptable, and effective. 2.CDI has been shown to increase LLIN in children under the age of five and pregnant women.	Strengthening the primary health care system in rural areas is aided by the introduction of CDI.
Tomlinson et al., 2014 [18]	South Africa	Maternal and newborn HIV care	CHW home visit to Pregnant women, 17 years and older	1. Level of exclusive and appropriate breast feeding. 2. Level of HIV free survival. 3. Uptake of post-natal clinic visit. 4. Coverage of care and behavioral indicators. 5. Level of post intervention maternal depression	CHW home visit increases level of uptake, coverage of health care and changed behavior of community.
Maluka et al., 2020 [26]	Tanzania	Maternal and child health	Community based maternal and child health education to male participants	1. The participatory approach to male involvement can help the treatments last longer than the project's lifespan. 2. Men rarely attend health facilities, although women have access to health education at ANC clinics.	By developing culturally acceptable strategies can increase male involvement in MCH. Improving couple relationships will increase male participation in MCH.
Eboreime et al., 2019 [24]	Nigeria	Maternal Health and Early Infant care	Community based maternal and child health education to pregnant woman	1. Using a participatory action research (PAR) approach to execute the Diagnose-Intervene-Verify-Adjust (DIVA) model could be a useful way for managing the challenges of planning and delivering health interventions in similar situations.	Including PAR in maternal and child health intervention can improve the quality of the health service.
El-Gaili et al., 2002 [29]	Sudan	Mental Health	Community based mental health education to both gender, all age group	1. Modify community concept, attitude and practice regarding mental health. 2. Ensure community participation in mental health service delivery. 3. Extend mental health service delivery involving PHC settings and traditional healing centers. 4. Train the staff in PHC settings. 5. Research in community needs and demands	Community based mental health education changed community concept, attitude and practice, ensured community engagement in MH services from PHC and developed capacity.
Atif et al., 2016 [19]	Pakistan	Maternal Mental Health	Peer volunteers for maternal mental health care to mother's, 21 years and older	1. Acceptance of peer volunteers as service delivery staff.	Volunteers may contribute substantially and reduce workload of the health worker.
Meiring et al., 2017 [20]	South Africa	Mental health care	Student facilitated community-based support group for both genders, 23 years and older	1. The support group offered the participants a sense of belongingand a means of social and emotional support. 2. The support group created opportunity forlearning, encouraged mental and physical mobilization and stimulation. 3. The support group served as anadditional link to professional services.	Support group involved participants socially and emotionally, created opportunity for learning, encouraged mental, physical mobilization and most importantly served as an additional link to professional services.
Tran et al., 2018 [21]	Burkina Faso, DRC	Family Planning	N/A; Pregnant or post-partum women, of reproductive age group	1. Identified a common package of six low-cost, low-technology, and easily-scalable interventions that addressed the main service delivery obstacles related to PPFP.	Community participation is important for contextualization of interventions to address the bottlenecks.
Kironde et al., 2002 [28]	South Africa	Tuberculosis	Community based DOT to Confirmed TB patients both gender,	1. Community-based DOT was equivalent to clinic based and self-administered treatment for new patients. 2. Community based DOT is superior to self-administered treatment for re-treatment patients.	Community based program saves commutation, reduces patient load at health facility and empowers community to take responsibility of own health.