Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Nov 14;13:1037812. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037812

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Bauer, Rudzki, Berek, Dinoto, Lechner, Wendel, Hegen, Deisenhammer, Berger, Höftberger, Rostasy, Mariotto and Reindl

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Comparison between autoantibody-associated diseases vs MS showing significantly altered cytokines, chemokines and related molecules. (A) Volcano Plot of Mann-Whitney tests after two-stage step-up (Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli) and FDR of 1% correction for multiple comparisons showing comparison of normalized levels (log10-transformation) of 65 cytokines, chemokines and related molecules (bead-based assay 1) between MOGAD and MS patients. The red dotted line indicates the level of significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Analytes above the red line are classified as significantly different between MOGAD and MS. (B) Heatmap showing mean ranks of significantly different cytokines, chemokines and related molecules comparing MOGAD and MS patients. (C) Volcano Plot of Mann-Whitney tests of 65 cytokines, chemokines and related molecules comparing NMOSD with MS patients after correction for multiple comparisons. Analytes above the red dotted line (level of significance after correction for multiple comparisons) are classified as statistically significant different between the two diseases. (D) Heatmap showing mean ranks of significantly different cytokines, chemokines and related molecules comparing NMOSD patients with MS patients. APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand; BAFF, B cell activation factor; BLC, B lymphocyte chemoattractant; CD40L, CD40 ligand; ENA-78, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; GRO, growth-regulated oncogene; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IP, interferon-ɣ-induced protein; I-TAC, interferon-inducible T cell α-chemoattractant; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MDC, macrophage-derived chemokine; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor; MIG, monokine induced by interferon-ɣ; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MOGAD, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease; MS, multiple sclerosis; NGF, nerve growth factor; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; SCF, stem cell factor; SDF, stromal cell-derived factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin; TWEAK, tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.