Table 2.
Describing characteristics of clusters, distinguished by similar cytokine/chemokine profiles.
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Number of cases | 17 (12.7) | 38 (28.4) | 79 (59.0) |
| Diagnosis: | |||
| MS | 3 (17.6) | 1 (2.6) | 50 (63.3) |
| NMOSD | 2 (11.8) | 24 (63.2)** | 14 (17.7) |
| MOGAD | 12 (70.6)* | 13 (34.2)** | 15 (19.0) |
| Age: | |||
| Children (<18) | 9 (52.9)* | 7 (18.4) | 6 (7.6) |
| Adults (>18) | 8 (47.1) | 31 (81.6) | 73 (92.4) |
| Sex: | |||
| Female | 12 (70.6) | 27 (71.1) | 50 (63.3) |
| Male | 5 (29.4) | 11 (28.9) | 29 (36.7) |
| Disease status: | |||
| Relapse | 4/12 (33.3) | 11/27 (40.7) | 4/16 (25.0) |
| Remission | 8/12 (66.7) | 16/27 (59.3) | 12/16 (75.0) |
| Immunosuppressive treatment before sampling: | |||
| No treatment | 3/9 (33.3) | 17/24 (70.8) | 5/9 (55.6) |
| Any treatment | 6/9 (66.7) | 7/24 (29.2) | 4/9 (44.4) |
| Disease course: | |||
| Monophasic | 4/12 (33.3) | 9/28 (32.1) | 8/15 (53.3) |
| Relapsing | 8/12 (66.7) | 19/28 (67.9) | 7/15 (46.7) |
| Clinical symptoms: | |||
| Cerebrala | 5/11 (45.5) | 2/11 (18.2) | 3/10 (30.0) |
| Opticospinalb | 6/11 (54.5) | 9/11 (81.8) | 7/10 (70.0) |
K-means cluster analysis was performed, comparing cluster 1 or 2 with cluster 3 as a reference. Significant findings are either labeled as * if p<0.05 or **p<0.01. MOGAD: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease; MS: multiple sclerosis; NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
aCerebral symptoms included acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like symptoms (ADEM, ADEM-optic neuritis, multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis or encephalitis). bOpticospinal symptoms included optic neuritis and transverse myelitis.