Table 2.
The impact of COVID-19 on student mental health.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological Problems | Emotional symptoms | Conduct problems | Inattention | Peer relationship problems | Prosocial problems | |
| COVID19*Post | 2.5677*** | 0.5733*** | 0.4655*** | 0.5028*** | 0.4406*** | 0.5854*** |
| (0.6453) | (0.1539) | (0.1300) | (0.1424) | (0.1357) | (0.1341) | |
| [1.30, 3.83] | [0.27, 0.87] | [0.21, 0.72] | [0.22, 0.78] | [0.17, 0.71] | [0.32, 0.85] | |
| Gender | 0.1343 | −0.1241*** | −0.0269 | 0.0036 | 0.1426*** | 0.1392*** |
| (0.1817) | (0.0471) | (0.0371) | (0.0424) | (0.0385) | (0.0389) | |
| Age | −0.0541 | −0.0068 | −0.0144 | 0.0071 | −0.0192 | −0.0207 |
| (0.0820) | (0.0211) | (0.0168) | (0.0191) | (0.0173) | (0.0175) | |
| Hukou | −0.3490 | −0.0707 | −0.1141** | −0.0415 | −0.0463 | −0.0763 |
| (0.2320) | (0.0626) | (0.0471) | (0.0540) | (0.0490) | (0.0500) | |
| Migrant | −0.0930 | 0.0253 | 0.0168 | −0.0689 | −0.0148 | −0.0514 |
| (0.3073) | (0.0827) | (0.0616) | (0.0718) | (0.0662) | (0.0662) | |
| Elite class | 0.2026 | 0.0053 | 0.0522 | 0.0292 | 0.0726 | 0.0434 |
| (0.2354) | (0.0597) | (0.0489) | (0.0547) | (0.0502) | (0.0509) | |
| Health | −2.6853*** | −0.6871*** | −0.4575*** | −0.5992*** | −0.4634*** | −0.4781*** |
| (0.0976) | (0.0257) | (0.0197) | (0.0226) | (0.0206) | (0.0209) | |
| Only child | 0.5045** | 0.0917 | 0.1356*** | 0.0484 | 0.1152** | 0.1136** |
| (0.2215) | (0.0572) | (0.0452) | (0.0506) | (0.0475) | (0.0474) | |
| Schooling of father | −0.2886*** | −0.0666*** | −0.0492*** | −0.0604*** | −0.0526*** | −0.0598*** |
| (0.0653) | (0.0168) | (0.0137) | (0.0149) | (0.0139) | (0.0142) | |
| Schooling of mother | −0.1183* | −0.0316* | −0.0184 | −0.0187 | −0.0245* | −0.0251* |
| (0.0625) | (0.0163) | (0.0132) | (0.0143) | (0.0133) | (0.0136) | |
| Father’s occupation | 0.8980*** | 0.1119 | 0.2452*** | 0.1479** | 0.1855*** | 0.2075*** |
| (0.2885) | (0.0717) | (0.0617) | (0.0663) | (0.0611) | (0.0617) | |
| Wealth | −0.8606*** | −0.2120*** | −0.1564*** | −0.2007*** | −0.1378*** | −0.1536*** |
| (0.1845) | (0.0455) | (0.0388) | (0.0427) | (0.0387) | (0.0392) | |
| Internet | −1.7229*** | −0.2833*** | −0.3733*** | −0.3619*** | −0.3354*** | −0.3690*** |
| (0.2993) | (0.0740) | (0.0614) | (0.0686) | (0.0642) | (0.0643) | |
| Board | 0.0413 | −0.0483 | 0.0060 | −0.0083 | 0.0499 | 0.0419 |
| (0.2125) | (0.0557) | (0.0438) | (0.0493) | (0.0447) | (0.0456) | |
| City fixed effect | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year fixed effect | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 23.8722*** | 5.7789*** | 4.3896*** | 4.9493*** | 4.3345*** | 4.4198*** |
| (1.5650) | (0.4033) | (0.3206) | (0.3613) | (0.3297) | (0.3354) | |
| R-squared | 0.1151 | 0.1030 | 0.0965 | 0.1038 | 0.0832 | 0.0886 |
| N | 12,096 | 12,096 | 12,096 | 12,096 | 12,096 | 12,096 |
***, **, * indicate significance at the levels of 1, 5, and 10%, respectively. Robust standard errors are presented in parentheses. 95% confidence intervals for COVID19*Post are reported in brackets. Only the confidence intervals for the key explanatory variable COVID19*Post are reported in the table, while confidence intervals for the remaining variables can be calculated from the estimated coefficients and standard errors.