(A) Top, (B) front, (C) side, and (D) isometric view of the sinoatrial node (SAN) and sinoatrial exit pathway (SEP) model connected to the crista terminalis (CT) and bulk atrial tissue. The SEPs are numbered from 1 to 5 from right to left. The SAN and the SEPs were divided into eight and 10 sections, respectively (section AA in C). The reduced models used to investigate the gradient and mosaic model combination are depicted in (D). All dimensions are given in millimeters. To see this figure in color, go online.