Table 3.
Mutagenicity of Nitro-Containing Compounds at the HPRT Locus in V79 Chinese Hamster Lung Cells
| Nitro-Containing Compounda | V79 Cell Derivative Used | Mutant Frequency/106 Cells | Conclusion | Ref | IARC Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) (3 μM) | V79-NH1A2 (V79 cells expressing NAT and CYP1A2) |
83 ± 34 (SD) 1-NP treated cells 7 ± 11 (SD) untreated cells |
1-NP was mutagenic in V79-NH1A2 cells containing NAT and CYP1A2 activity but not in V79-NH cells containing only NAT | 154 | 2A (probable human carcinogen) |
| 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) (50 μM) | V79 cells in the presence or absence of rat S9 or rat S100 | 18.3 1-NP treated cells 72.8 1-NP treated cells + S9 15.3 1-NP treated cells + S100 10.4 untreated cells |
1-NP was only mutagenic in V79 cells in the presence of S9 but not S100 | 128 | 2A (probable human carcinogen) |
| 1,8-Dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP) (17.1 μm) | V79 (no additional enzymes expressed) | 14.2—20.2 1,8-DNP treated cells 1.4—27.6 in untreated cells |
1,8-DNP was not mutagenic in V79 cells at the conditions tested | 130 | 2B (possible human carcinogen) |
| 2-Nitrofluorene (2-NF) (10 μM, 30 μM) | V79-NH1A2, V79-NH2C9 (V79 cells expressing NAT activity and CYP1A2, or V79 cells expressing NAT activity and CYP2C9, respectively) | No statistically significant difference in V79-NH1A2 cells and V79-NH2C9 cells exposed to 2-NF when compared to untreated cells. The same was shown for V79-NH cells that contain NAT but do not express CYP1A2 or CYP2C9 | 2-NF was not mutagenic in V79-NH1A2, V79-NH2C9 or V79-NH cells at the conditions tested | 154 | 2B (possible human carcinogen) |
| 2-Nitrobenzanthrone (2-NBA) (1 μM) | V79-hSULT1A1 (V79 cells that express human SULT1A1) | 150 2-NBA treated cells 0 in V79 hSULT1A1 in untreated cells 0 in V79 cells lacking hSULT1A1 or hNAT2 |
SULT1A1 contributed to mutagenicity at the HPRT locus in cells exposed to 2-NBA. | 129 | N/A |
| 2-Nitrobenzanthrone (2-NBA) (1 μM) | V79-hNAT2 (V79 cells that express human NAT2) | 110 in 2-NBA treated cells 0 in V79-hNAT2 in untreated cells 0 in V79 cells lacking hSULT1A1 or hNAT2 |
NAT2 contributed to mutagenicity at the HPRT locus in cells exposed to 2-NBA. | 129 | N/A |
| 3-Nitrofluoranthene (3-NFA) (100 μM) | V79 cells in the presence or absence of rat S9 or rat S100 | 14.9 Cells treated with 3-NFA 25.0 Cells treated with 3-NFA + S9 175.7 Cells treated with 3-NFA + S100 10.4 Untreated cells |
3-NFA was mutagenic in V79 cells in the presence of S100 more so than in the presence of S9 | 128 | 3 (human carcinogenicity not classifiable) |
| 8-Nitrofluoranthene (8-NFA) (25 μM) | V79 cells in the presence or absence of rat S9 or rat S100 | 12.8 Cells treated with 8-NFA 21.5 Cells treated with 8-NFA + S9 1378 Cells treated with 8-NFA + S100 10.4 Untreated cells |
8-NFA was mutagenic in V79 cells in the presence of S100 more so than in the presence of S9 | 128 | N/A |
| Aristolochic acids (38% aristolochic acid I, 58% aristolochic acid II) (40 μM) | V79-hSULT1A1 (V79 cells that express human SULT1A1) | 250 in treated cells. 80 in V79 cells lacking hSULT1A1 0 in V79-hSULT1A1 in untreated cells |
SULT1A1 contributed to mutagenicity at the HPRT locus in cells exposed to a mixture of aristolochic acids | 155 | 1 (carcinogenic to humans) |
| Aristolochic acids (38% aristolochic acid I, 58% aristolochic acid II) (40 μM) | V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 (V79 cells that coexpress human CYP2E1 and SULT1A1) | 1300 in treated cells 350 in V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 cells treated additionally with 10 μM pentachlorophenol, a SULT1A1 inhibitor, 0 in V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 untreated cells |
Coexpression of SULT1A1 and CYP2E1 increased mutagenicity at the HPRT locus in cells exposed to a mixture of aristolochic | 155 | 1 (carcinogenic to humans) |
| Metronidazole, nimorazole, tinidazole, niridazole (each from 0 to 1 mM) | V79 cells and V79 cells cultured with freshly isolated and uninduced Sprague–Dawley male rat hepatocytes | No statistically significant difference for any of the compounds in V79 cells or V79 cells cultured with rat hepatocytes | Metronidazole, nimorazole, tinidazole, and niridazole were not mutagenic at the conditions tested. | 156 | Metronidazole (2B); nimorazole (N/A); tinidazole (N/A); niridazole (2B) |
a
The concentrations reported correspond to the highest concentrations used in the studies or the concentrations giving maximum or near maximum response observed. N/A in the IARC classification column indicates that the compound has not been classified by IARC for human carcinogenicity.