Table 12. Summary of articles that investigate in-hospital mortality and complications with statistical relationships to various risk factors for SCI patients.
ASIA: American Spinal Cord Injury Association; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS: Injury Severity Score; SCI: spinal cord injury; TBI: traumatic brain injury
| Author, year, country | Sample | In-hospital mortality | The primary cause of death | Analysis technique: factors associated with in-hospital mortality |
| Shao et al. [9], 2011, China | N=1163, cervical SCI | 9.4% (n=109) | Respiratory failure, 87.2% (n=95) | Logistic regression: -age -ASIA A -time to surgery -malnutrition -tracheotomy |
| Selassie et al. [17], 2012, USA | N=3389, all SCI | 8.0% (n=272) | - | Cox proportional hazard regression model: -age -level of injury -2 or more comorbidities -concomitant injuries -pulmonary embolism |
| Durga et al. [33], 2010, India | N=101, postoperative, cervical SCI | 17.8% | - | Logistic regression: -ASIA -haemodynamic instability -pulmonary infection |
| Chhabra et al. [10], 2019, India | N=758, all SCI | 10% (n=79) | Respiratory complications including pulmonary embolism and pneumonia (42%) | Cox proportional hazard regression: -age -low tetraplegia -ventilator use -associated injuries -cardiovascular complication |
| Inglis et al. [19], 2020, Canada | N=826, postoperative all SCI, age over 65 years | 9.5% (n=78) | - | Logistical regression: -age -ASIA A -Charlson Comorbidity Index -ventilation dependence |
| Gong et al. [11], 2022, China | N=3176, all SCI | 0.7% (n=23) | Respiratory complication, 73.9% (n=17) | Logistic regression: -cervical level -abdominal visceral injury -ASIA classification -surgery |
| Blex et al. [32], 2022, Germany | N=321, all SCI | 6.2% (n=20) | Multiorgan failure, 40.0% (n=8) | Condition inference tree analysis: -age -Charlson Comorbidity Index -kidney or liver impairment |
| Shibahashi et al. [21], 2019, Japan | N=8069, all SCI | 5.6% | - | Logistic regression: -age -male -GCS -hypotension on arrival -bradycardia on arrival -severe head injury -ISS -ASIA classification |
| Varma et al. [18], 2010, USA | N=1995, all SCI | 12.6% (n=251) | - | Logistic regression: -age -male -ISS >15 -TBI -1 or more comorbidities -ASIA classification |
| Jackson et al. [20], 2005, USA | N=458, postoperative, cervical SCI | 3.9% | - | -Age >65 years -ASIA A |
| Beck et al. [41], 2019, Australia | N=706, all SCI | 15% (n=104) | - | Χ2 test: -age |