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. 2022 Nov 28;7:154. doi: 10.1038/s41541-022-00573-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Day 29 IgG antibody titers and b Day 15 S-specific T cell responses in vaccinated individuals (n = 78), ranked from smallest to largest values. c. Correlation matrix showing the relationship of IgG titers (day 15, 29, 36, 43, 57) and day 15 S-specific T cell responses after ARCT-21 vaccination. The colour intensity is proportional to the correlation coefficient. d. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected in all subjects receiving ARCT-021 (n = 78), as compared to the placebo group (n = 28) for day 2, 3, 8, 30 and 36. DEGs were identified based on fold-change >1.3 and false discovery rate-adjusted p value < 0.05 (Benjamini-Hochberg step-up procedure). Red bars indicate number of upregulated DEGs and blue bars indicate number of downregulated DEGs. e Volcano plot displaying genes that were most differentially expressed at day 2, 3 and 8 after vaccination. The most differentially regulated genes are annotated on the volcano plot. Volcano plot for day 30 and 36 are shown in Supplementary Fig. 1c. f Top 20 Blood Transcription Modules (BTMs) that are positively enriched (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p value < 0.05) at day 2, 3, 8, 30 and 36 in vaccinated subjects compared to placebo controls. Colour intensity and size of the dots is proportional to the −log10 transformed Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p values. g Clustergram showing the log2-transformed fold-change of DEGs present in the top two BTM modules highlighted in f, “Enriched in monocytes (II) (M11.0)” and “Regulation of antigen presentation and immune response (M5.0)” at day 2, 3, 8, 30 and 36. The colour-gradient from blue to red indicates log2-transformed fold change (day 2/day 1) values from −2 to 2 respectively.