Table 1.
Main characteristics of papers retracted for originatng from paper mills.
| Variable | No (%) of papers (n=1182) |
| No of authors: | |
| 1-3 | 315 (26.7) |
| 4-6 | 602 (50.9) |
| >6 | 265 (22.4) |
| Authors’ country: | |
| China | 1144 (96.8) |
| India | 17 (1.4) |
| China and USA | 6 (0.5) |
| China and Germany | 2 (0.2) |
| Rest of the world | 13 (1.1) |
| First author’s affiliation: | |
| Hospital | 909 (76.9) |
| University | 176 (14.9) |
| Hospital and University | 66 (5.6) |
| Research centre | 11 (0.9) |
| Other | 20 (1.7) |
| JCR quartile: | |
| Q1 | 350 (29.6) |
| Q2 | 529 (44.8) |
| Q3 | 248 (21.0) |
| Q4 | 25 (2.1) |
| No IF | 30 (2.5) |
| JCR category: | |
| Pharmacology and pharmacy | 265 (22.4) |
| Oncology | 162 (13.7) |
| Biochemistry and molecular biology | 145 (12.3) |
| Education, scientific disciplines | 122 (10.3) |
| Medicine, research, and experimental | 103 (8.7) |
| Other | 356 (30.1) |
| Not indexed in JCR | 29 (2.5) |
Q=quartile of journal in which the paper was published; JCR=Journal Citation Reports; IF=impact factor.