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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Br J Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 8;179(12):2890–2905. doi: 10.1111/bph.15424

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Decreased glutamine metabolism mediated by 1,25 (OH)2D. A decrease in glutamine metabolism and replenishment of the TCA cycle by glutamine is observed in 1,25(OH)2D-treated cancer cells. Treatment of cancer cells in vitro with 1,25(OH)2D reduces enzyme expression or activity (red font) and [U-13C]-glutamine flux to metabolites (red shaded boxes). Abbreviations: 1,25 (OH)2D-1,25—dihydroxyvitamin D; SLC1A5—solute carrier family 1 member 5; GLS—glutaminase; GLUL—glutamate ammonia ligase/glutamine synthetase; αKG-α—ketoglutarate; TCA—tricarboxylic acid