Table 2.

Post-hoc Comparisons for Associations between Parenting behavior at Child Ages 2 and 3 and Maternal Depression Symptom Profile at Child age 2

	Low		Interpersonal Rejection		Moderate		High Depressed Affect and Physical		Severe		Post-hoc comparisons
	m	sd	m	sd	m	sd	m	sd	m	sd
Child age 2
Harsh parenting behavior	−.06	.64	−.24	.38	.02	.68	.40	.84	.15	.60	H > L*** H > I*** H > M** H > S M > I S > I
Positive parenting behavior	.04	.74	−.12	.59	−.12	.78	−.08	.65	.08	.72	-
Disengaged parenting behavior	−.04	.62	.14	.76	.11	.93	−.01	.67	−.18	.59	I > S
Child age 3	m	se	m	se	m	se	m	se	m	se
Harsh parenting behavior	−.02	.04	.05	.16	.07	.05	−.28	.13	−.14	.13	-
Positive parenting behavior	−.01	.04	−.08	.14	−.01	.05	−.06	.12	.04	.13	-
Disengaged parenting behavior	−.02	.03	.05	.13	−.00	.05	.27	.11	.17	.13	H > L* H > M*

^***p<.001.

^**p<.01.

^*p<.05.

Note. L=Low. I=Interpersonal Rejection. M=Moderate. H=High Depressed Affect and Physical. S=Severe. Asterisks depict level of statistical significance for post-hoc comparisons. Underlining depicts post-hoc comparisons that were a moderate to large effect size (Cohen’s d ≥ .40). All mean values are z-scores. Mean and standard errors provided for parenting at child age 3 are estimates adjusted for disengaged parenting at age 2 and maternal depression at age 3.