Table 2. Comparison of pregnancy outcomes and neonatal outcomes.
|
Group A
(n = 558) |
Group B
(n = 435) |
Group C
(n = 241) |
Group D
(n = 298) |
Group E
(n = 120) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive rate of hCG test % (n) | 76.52(427/558) | 81.38(354/435) | 77.18(186/241) | 81.21(242/298) | 54.17(65/120)d,g,i,j | <0.001* |
| Clinical pregnancy rate % (n) | 67.38(376/558) | 68.74(299/435)e | 60.58(146/241) | 73.15(218/298)h | 37.50(45/120)d,g,i,j | <0.001* |
| Embryo implantation rate % (n) | 67.38(376/558)a,b,c,d | 49.77(433/870)e | 41.70(201/482) | 55.20(329/596)h | 37.50(45/120)g,j | <0.001* |
| Biochemical pregnancy rate % (n) | 9.14(51/558)b,d | 12.64(55/435) | 16.60(40/241) | 8.05(24/298)h | 16.67(20/120)j | 0.003* |
| Miscarriage rate % (n) | 21.27(80/376) | 23.41(70/299) | 28.77(42/146) | 19.72(43/218)h | 28.89(13/45)j | 0.230 |
| Ectopic pregnancy rate % (n) | 0.80(3/376) | 0.67(2/299) | 1.37(2/146) | 0.92(2/218) | 0(0/45) | 0.860 |
| Gemellary pregnancy rate % (n) | 1.60(6/376)a,b,c | 44.82(134/299) | 37.67(55/146)# | 50.92(111/218)h | 2.22(1/45)g,i,j | <0.001* |
| Preterm birth rate % (n) | 5.58(21/376)a,b,c | 17.06(51/299) | 17.13(24/146) | 19.26(42/218) | 6.67(3/45)j | <0.001* |
| 34 weeks ≤ gestational age <37 weeks | 4.52(17/376)a,b,c | 13.38(40/299) | 15.75(23/146) | 16.51(36/218) | 4.44(2/45)i,j | <0.001* |
| 28 weeks ≤ gestational age <34 weeks | 1.06(4/376) | 3.68(11/299)e | 0.68(1/146) | 2.75(6/218) | 2.22(1/45) | 0.103 |
| Live birth rate % (n) | 52.51(293/558)c | 58.62(255/435)e | 48.55(117/241) | 62.75(187/298 )h | 26.67(32/120)d,g,i,j | <0.001* |
| Neonatal birth weight, median(IQR) (g)U | 3350(3000,3650)a,b,c | 2750(2350,3300) | 2950(2467,3300) | 2750(2450,3300) | 3345(3000,3755)g,i,j | <0.001* |
| Neonatal birth age, median (IQR) (weeks)U | 39.57(38.71,40.34)a,b,c | 38.86(37.14,40.00) | 38.43(37.07,39.50) | 38.29(37.14,39.86) | 39.64(38.21,40.54)g,i,j | <0.001* |
| Incidence of macrosomia % (n) | 9.03(27/299)c | 4.68(16/342) | 3.95(6/152) | 2.95(8/271) | 15.63(5/32)g,i,j | 0.002* |
| Incidence of Low birth weight infants % (n) | 7.02(21/299)a,b,c | 27.78(95/342) | 26.32(40/152) | 27.68(75/271) | 12.50(4/32)g,j | <0.001* |
| 1500g ≥birth weight <2500g | 6.69(20/299)a,b,c | 24.27(83/342) | 26.32(40/152) | 24.35(66/271) | 6.25(2/32)g,i,j | <0.001* |
| Birth weight <1500g | 0.03(1/299)a,c,d | 3.51(12/342)e | 0(0/152) | 3.32(9/271)h | 6.25(2/32)i | 0.001* |
| Birth defect rate % (n) | 0.67(2/299) | 1.17(4/342) | 1.32(2/152) | 0.74(2/271) | 3.12(1/32) | 0.782 |
| Neonatal sex ratio % (n) | 0.001* | |||||
| Male | 56.86(170/299)a,b,d | 46.49(159/342) | 44.74(68/152) | 59.41(161/271)f,h,j | 37.50(12/32) | |
| Female | 43.14(129/299) | 53.51(183/342) | 55.26(84/152) | 40.59(110/271) | 62.50(20/32) | |
| Obstetric complications | ||||||
| Gestational hypertension % (n) | 0.27(1/376) | 1.34(4/299) | 1.37(2/146) | 1.38(3/218) | 2.22(1/45) | 0.384 |
| ICP % (n) | 0(0/376) | 0(0/299) | 0.68(1/146) | 0.46(1/218) | 0(0/45) | 0.348 |
| GDM % (n) | 3.19(12/376) | 2.01(6/299) | 6.85(10/146) | 2.29(5/218) | 2.22(1/45) | 0.129 |
Notes.
In Group C, 55 multiple pregnancies included 2 monochorionic diamniotic twins, and the remaining 53 were dichorionic diamniotic twins.
P < 0.05 was statistical signifificance. “a” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups A and B, “b” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups A and C, “c” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups A and D, “d” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups A and E, “e” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups B and C, “f” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups B and D,“g” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups B and E,“h” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups C and D,“i” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups C and E,“j” represents P value less than 0.05 between groups D and E.
- IQR
- Interquartile range
- ICP
- Intrahepatic Cholestasis
- GDM
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Kruskal-Wallis H test/groups individually tested by Mann–Whitney U-test.