Figure 7.

Schematic diagram of the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan production, phenylalanine metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism pathway. There are still some limitations existed in this study. First of all, we only included 30 BEB patients in our study, and the limited number of BEB patients might not be sufficient to identify the altered metabolic status of BEB patients. So, a larger sample size of BEB patients and cohort are needed to validate our results. Moreover, there is currently a lack of animal and cell models for blepharospasm, so animal and cell-level validation cannot be performed. We have found 134 differential nontargeted metabolites and predicted the possible involvement of signaling pathways of the changed nontargeted metabolites. However, the relationship between these metabolites and BEB is required to be further investigated.