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. 2022 Nov 25;55(1):1–11. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2149849

Table 2.

Items with DIF and their McFadden’s pseudo R2 and IRT parameters.

Item bank Item with DIF McFadden’s pseudo R2 Slope; threshold parametersa Included in CAT simulation Included in SF
Physical function PFB5r1: Does your health now limit you in hiking a couple of miles (3 km) on uneven surfaces, including hills? R212 = 0.0208 NL: 3.29; −1.56, −1.02, −0.57, −0.12 45%  
R223 = 0.0009 US: 4.04; −1.12, −0.77, −0.26, 0.22
PFC29: Are you able to walk up and down two steps? R212 = 0.0341 NL: 2.29; −2.01, −1.74, −1.06 0%  
R223 = 0.0023 US: 3.08; −2.57, −2.08, −1.57
Pain behavior PAINBE50: When I was in pain I moved my limbs protectively R212 = 0.0236 NL: 3.64; −0.73, 0.59, 0.99, 1.54, 2.15 0%  
R223 = 0.0012 US: 3.81; −0.83, 0.28, 0.60, 1.17, 1.63
PAINBE26: Pain caused me to curl up in a ball R212 = 0.0356 NL: 4.72; −0.69, 0.52, 0.90, 1.47 0.002%  
R223 = 0.0048 US: 4.72; −0.74, 0.95, 1.31, 1.83

aThe bold population had lower thresholds compared to the other population, indicating that this population endorses higher item response categories at the same level of the domain.

CAT: Computerized Adaptive Test; SF: short form; NL: Netherlands; US: Unites States.