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. 2022 Nov 25;55(1):1–11. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2149849

Table 3.

PROMIS Physical Function Dutch reference values by age and gender and compared with the US reference population [61].

  Dutch population, n (%) US population, n (%) Dutch mean T-score (SD)a US mean T-score (SD)
Total 1310 (100) 3407 (100) 49.8 (10.8) 50.0 (10.0)
Gender
 Male 691 (47) 1363 (40) 50.9 (11.2) 51.7 (9.7)
 Female 689 (53) 2044 (60) 48.8 (10.3) 48.9 (10.0)
Age in years
 18–34 282 (22) 782 (23) 55.2 (9.5) 55.1 (8.4)
 35–44 214 (16) 605 (18) 52.8 (10.5) 52.0 (9.8)
 45–54 199 (15) 567 (17) 50.0 (11.5) 49.0 (10.4)
 55–64 279 (21) 565 (16) 46.4 (10.1) 47.5 (10.4)
 65–74 280 (22) 457 (13) 46.7 (9.6) 47.2 (9.0)
 75+ 56 (4) 431 (13) 42.6 (9.5) 45.6 (8.5)
Distribution-based thresholds (based on SD)
 Within normal limits 885 (68)   >45 >45
 Mild 174 (13)   39–45 40–45
 Moderate 217 (17)   28–39 30–40
 Severe 34 (2)   <28 <30
Anchor-based thresholds (based on self-reported limitations)
 No limitations 527 (40)   59.0 (7.0)  
 Mild 452 (35)   48.1 (5.6)  
 Moderate 259 (20)   39.4 (5.7)  
 Severe 72 (5)   30.1 (6.6)  

aHigher scores represent a better physical function.

SD: standard deviation.