Table 3.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of ATV in rats after intraperitoneal (IP) or oral administration of ATV or ATV-NEs.
| Test material | ATV-IP (2) | ATV in water (40) | ATV in 10% DMF (40) | ATV-NE#1 (40) | ATV-NE#6 (40) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Administration route | IP | Oral | Oral | Oral | Oral |
| ATV dose (mg/kg) | 2 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| Tmax (h) | 0.50 ± 0.00 | 4.00 ± 0.00 | 4.00 ± 0.00 | 4.00 ± 0.00 | 4.00 ± 0.00 |
| T1/2 (h) | 1.77 ± 0.04 | 2.45 ± 0.26 | 2.97 ± 0.53 | 6.75 ± 0.33 | 9.72 ± 2.68 |
| Cmax (ng/mL) | 82.5 ± 2.28 | 28.1 ± 2.94 | 39.2 ± 3.95 | 99.1 ± 0.92 | 141 ± 8.79 |
| AUClast (ng·h/mL) | 211 ± 4.84 | 117 ± 7.03 | 256 ± 49.9 | 768 ± 34.7 | 1396 ± 43.1 |
| AUCinf (ng·h/mL) | 220 ± 4.94 | 149 ± 13.5 | 283 ± 32.5 | 873 ± 29.4 | 1751 ± 170 |
| Relative bioavailability (%) | 100 | 2.78 ± 0.17 | 6.06 ± 1.18 | 18.2 ± 0.82 | 33.1 ± 1.02 |
Relative bioavailability (%) = (AUClast, oral/DoseATV, oral)/(AUClast, IP/DoseATV, IP) × 100. All values are shown as means ± SDs (n = 4). Tmax, time to reach maximum plasma concentration of ATV; T1/2, plasma half-life of ATV; Cmax, maximum plasma ATV concentration; AUClast, area under the plasma concentration–time curve between zero and the last measurable plasma concentration; AUCinf, area under the plasma concentration–time curve between zero and infinity.