Table 3 -.
Synaptic and molecular effects due to alcohol and stress
| Study | Species Strain | Sex | Alcohol Access | Stress | Brain Region | Alcohol/Stress Affect | Manipulation and effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sillaber et al. 2002 | Crhr1 KO mice | M | TBC, continous, 40+ days | FST, SD | Hippo +, Amy −, NaC+ | ↑ NMDA- NR2B | NA |
| Edwards et al. 2013 | Wistar rats | M | TBC, 30 mins, 7 days | PO | mPFC+, dmPFC+, CeA+, BLA+ | ↑ pERK | NA |
| Delis et al. 2013 | Drd2 KO mice | M | TBC | CMS | Global expression of Drd2 +/− and Drd2−/− | Drd2+/− and −/− ↑consumption when exposed to stress. Drd2 +/+ ↑etoh when not stressed | NA |
| Walker et al. 2015 | Rxfp3 KO mice | M | TBC | CMS/RS/FST | global | Rxfp3 KO mice reduced ethanol preference after stress | NA |
| Ostroumov et al. 2016 | Rats (Long-Evans) | M | OESA | RS | VTA | In Vivo: ↓ DA Neruon firing In Slice: shift to GABAA Signaling |
GABA and DA pharmacological manipulation |
| Ornelas and Keele 2018 | Rats (Sprague Dawley) | M/F | in slice bath solution etoh | SPS | BLA+ | In Slice: ↓ spike firing in BLA in F hyperpolarization activated current ↓ M | NA |
| Morales et al. 2018 | Rat (Sprague Dawley) | M/F | CIE (Vapor inhalation) | Withdr-wal | MT − ST + BLA + |
In Slice: changes in presynaptic glutamate release in vivo: change in estrus cycle and anxiety | Electrophysiology paired pulse in ST and BLA |
| Padula et al. 2020 | Mouse (C57BL/6J) | M | CIE, TBC | FST | BLA+ | systemic - KCa2.1–2.3 channel activator decreased drinking | |
| Domi et al. 2021 | Rats (Wistar) | M | Punishment-resistant self-administration, TBC | FS | CeA(PKCd+) | ↑ CeA (PKCd+) cell expression in rats drinking despite stress | hm4Di in CeA PKCd+ cells decreased drinking |
| Steinman et al. 2021 | Rats (Wistar) | M/F | TBC | FS in FAM and NOV | CeA+ | ↑ CeA GABAergic mIPSC ↑ cytokine levels |
NA |
Abbreviations: CIE: chronic Intermittent ethanol, TBC: two bottle choice, OESA: operant ethanol self admin, PO: predator odor, RS: restrain stress, SPS: single prolonged stress, CMS: chronic mild stress, FST: Forced swim test, FS: Foot shock, FAM: familiar, NOV: novel, F: female, M: male, BLA: basolateral amygdala, CeA: central lateral amygdala, Rxfp3: relaxin family peptide receptor 3, Drd2: dopamine receptor 2, PKCd: protein kinase C delta, KCa2.1–2.3: calcium activated potassium type 2, mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex, dmPFC: dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, hm4Di: human muscarinic 4 receptor designer receptor CNOactivated inhibitor, mIPSC: miniature inhibitory post synaptic current
+ indicates tested and found effects, - indicates tested but found no effects. Arrows indicated increasing or decreasing respectively