Anti-PF4 antibodies in patients with COVID-19 and controls. (A) Anti-PF4 antibodies in healthy donor control patients (HC), hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (Cov-H), patients with COVID-19 visiting the ED (Cov-E), convalescent patients with COVID-19 (Cov-C), and patients hospitalized for severe ARD unrelated to COVID-19. The dotted horizontal line shows the conventional threshold for assay positivity (0.4 OD units). (B) Anti–PF4 antibodies in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 according to their clinical score (WHO score, 4 to 10). (C) Anti-PF4 antibodies in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 admitted or not to the ICU. (D) Antibody isotype of anti-PF4 antibodies in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The IgM- and IgA-specific assays were not standardized for clinical use. Statistical differences were evaluated by unpaired, two-tailed t tests.