Table 1.

Variation explained by CFE and by the LFE models. Each row represents a sample or subsample of data, comparing the adjusted R² of the CFE model (column 2) to the LFE model (column 3), along with the P values of the null hypothesis as described above (column 4)

			P value
Sample	${\mathbf{R}}_{\mathbf{C}\mathbf{F}\mathbf{E}}^{\mathbf{2}}$	${\mathbf{R}}_{\mathbf{L}\mathbf{F}\mathbf{E}}^{\mathbf{2}}$	(LFE null)
All countries	0.874	0.928	0.178
Democracies	0.874	0.943	0.217
Autocracies	0.818	0.862	0.178
Presidential (democracies)	0.803	0.895	0.002${}^{***}$
Parliamentary (democracies)	0.854	0.944	0.742
Oil importers	0.848	0.909	0.236
Oil exporters	0.945	0.964	0.119
Persistent taxers	0.676	0.729	0.233
Persistent subsidizers	0.590	0.794	0.004${}^{***}$

${}^{***}P<0.001,{\hspace{0.17em}}^{**}P<0.01,{\hspace{0.17em}}^{*}P<0.05$.