Table 2.
Number (Percentage) of Extreme Exposure Case and Control Days for Maximum Temperature Only, Minimum Temperature, Fine Particulate Matter, Co-occurrence of Fine Particulate Matter with Maximum Temperature, and Fine Particulate Matter with Minimum Temperature
| Number of Extreme Exposures Days Above Selected Percentile Thresholds |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90th Percentile, n (%) | 95th Percentile, n (%) | 97th Percentile, n (%) | 99th Percentile, n (%) | |
| All-cause Mortality | ||||
| Tmax | 576,633 (8.7) | 301,807 (4.5) | 182,535 (2.7) | 62,094 (0.9) |
| Tmin | 564,071 (8.5) | 298,023 (4.5) | 180,789 (2.7) | 61,421 (0.9) |
| PM2.5 | 614,612 (9.2) | 331,124 (5.0) | 207,023 (3.1) | 72,493 (1.1) |
| Tmax and PM2.5 | 49,292 (0.7) | 12,221 (0.2) | 5,873 (0.09) | 1,380 (0.02) |
| Tmin and PM2.5 | 50,843 (0.8) | 12,320 (0.2) | 6,600 (0.1) | 1,814 (0.03) |
| Cardiovascular Mortality | ||||
| Tmax | 183,665 (8.5) | 96,614 (4.5) | 58,401 (2.7) | 19,850 (0.9) |
| Tmin | 178,716 (8.2) | 94,668 (4.4) | 57,538 (2.7) | 19,542 (0.9) |
| PM2.5 | 203,845 (9.4) | 109,239 (5.0) | 67,950 (3.1) | 23,554 (1.1) |
| Tmax and PM2.5 | 15,904 (0.7) | 3,780 (0.2) | 1,769 (0.08) | 423 (0.02) |
| Tmin and PM2.5 | 16,526 (0.7) | 3,779 (0.2) | 1,959 (0.09) | 555 (0.03) |
| Respiratory Mortality | ||||
| Tmax | 47,290 (7.7) | 24,496 (4.0) | 14,717 (2.4) | 5,026 (0.8) |
| Tmin | 45,668 (7.5) | 24,039 (3.9) | 14,531 (2.4) | 5,016 (0.8) |
| PM2.5 | 60,890 (10.0) | 33,718 (5.5) | 21,413 (3.5) | 7,474 (1.2) |
| Tmax and PM2.5 | 4,024 (0.7) | 982 (0.2) | 484 (0.08) | 113 (0.02) |
| Tmin and PM2.5 | 4,160 (0.7) | 1,018 (0.2) | 532 (0.09) | 133 (0.02) |
Definition of Abbreviations: PM2.5 = fine particulate matter; TMAX = maximum temperature; TMIN = minimum temperature.
Extreme exposure thresholds were defined on the basis of distributions across the entire study period within the census tract (temperature) or across the state (PM2.5).