Table 3.

Comparison of questionnaire survey results between 2 groups.

Item	Traditional group (n = 133)	3D printing + PBL group (n = 136)	t	P
Learning motivation (point)	3.01 ± 0.65	4.12 ± 0.78	12.691	<.001
Understanding (point)	3.03 ± 0.71	4.02 ± 0.82	10.593	<.001
Student-teacher interaction (point)	2.94 ± 0.82	3.99 ± 0.82	10.501	<.001
Final examination (point)	2.85 ± 0.76	3.89 ± 0.79	11.004	<.001
Communication skills (point)	2.93 ± 0.77	4.13 ± 0.81	12.455	<.001
Clinical thinking skills (point)	2.75 ± 0.81	3.78 ± 0.83	10.301	<.001
Self-learning skills (point)	2.48 ± 0.68	4.05 ± 0.79	17.482	<.001
Teamwork skills (point)	2.49 ± 0.79	3.95 ± 0.83	14.780	<.001
Knowledge absorption (point)	2.51 ± 0.69	4.08 ± 0.81	17.126	<.01

3D = three dimensional, PBL = problem-based learning.