Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the COPD patients according to inhaler satisfaction.
| Variables | Total (N = 261) | High satisfaction (n = 163) | Low satisfaction (n = 98) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Age, yr | 69.8 ± 7.7 | 70.1 ± 7.2 | 69.3 ± 8.5 | 0.427 | |
| Male | 244 (93.5) | 152 (93.3) | 92 (93.9) | 0.843 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 ± 3.5 | 23.9 ± 3.2 | 22.9 ± 3.8 | 0.047 | |
| Smoking status | 0.087 | ||||
| Never-smoker | 35 (13.4) | 23 (14.1) | 12 (12.2) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 179 (68.6) | 117 (71.8) | 62 (63.3) | ||
| Current-smoker | 47 (18.0) | 23 (14.1) | 24 (24.5) | ||
| Educational level | 0.272 | ||||
| Low (≤ 6 yr) | 99 (37.9) | 66 (40.5) | 33 (33.7) | ||
| High (> 6 yr) | 162 (62.1) | 97 (59.5) | 65 (66.3) | ||
| COPD characteristics | |||||
| COPD duration, yr | 3.6 ± 4.3 | 3.8 ± 4.6 | 3.2 ± 3.9 | 0.226 | |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 58.6 ± 13.7 | 59.3 ± 13.1 | 57.3 ± 14.7 | 0.255 | |
| Percentage predicted FEV1 | 63.5 ± 17.5 | 65.2 ± 16.2 | 60.7 ± 19.2 | 0.053 | |
| Percentage predicted DLco (n = 258) | 68.4 ± 19.5 | 69.7 ± 19.6 | 66.1 ± 19.1 | 0.148 | |
| GOLD grade | 0.041 | ||||
| I/II | 204 (78.1) | 134 (82.2) | 70 (71.4) | ||
| III/IV | 57 (21.9) | 29 (17.8) | 28 (28.6) | ||
| mMRC score | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.008 | |
| mMRC < 2 | 162 (62.1) | 111 (68.1) | 51 (52.0) | 0.010 | |
| mMRC ≥ 2 | 99 (37.9) | 52 (31.9) | 47 (48.0) | ||
| CAT | 9.9 ± 5.6 | 9.5 ± 5.4 | 10.6 ± 5.8 | 0.140 | |
| Moderate exacerbations in the prior year | 108 (41.4) | 66 (40.5) | 42 (42.9) | 0.707 | |
| Severe exacerbations in the prior year | 50 (19.2) | 27 (16.6) | 23 (23.5) | 0.170 | |
| Inhaler characteristics | |||||
| Puff burden, puffs/day | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 0.093 | |
| Usage of multiple inhalers | 55 (21.1) | 31 (19.0) | 24 (24.5) | 0.294 | |
| Frequency of inhaler | 0.086 | ||||
| Once daily | 199 (76.2) | 130 (79.8) | 69 (70.4) | ||
| Twice daily | 52 (23.8) | 33 (20.2) | 29 (29.6) | ||
| Adherence | 0.007 | ||||
| Good | 213 (81.6) | 140 (85.9) | 73 (74.5) | ||
| Partial | 42 (16.1) | 22 (13.5) | 20 (20.4) | ||
| Poor | 6 (2.3) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (5.1) | ||
| Previous education on inhaler use | 249 (95.4) | 156 (95.7) | 93 (94.9) | 0.768 | |
| FSI-10 | 44.4 ± 4.7 | 47.6 ± 2.1 | 39.1 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 | |
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage).
BMI = body mass index, CAT = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DLco = diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FSI-10 = Feeling of Satisfaction with Inhaler questionnaire, FVC = forced vital capacity, GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, mMRC = modified Medical Research Council.