Fig. 1. Constituents and mechanisms of microbiome-based interventions.

a Common constituents of microbiome-based intervention methods are broadly illustrated. b Schematic of the three major categories by which interventions influence the gut microbiome. The simplified native microbiome members are coloured shades of red to purple, while introduced species are shades of blue and prebiotic fibres are green. FMT faecal microbiota transplant, FFT faecal filtrate transplant.