Table 5.
Statistical values of observed physico-chemical characteristics in water samples of Mandakini valley, Uttarakhand, India (Na = 72).
| Temperature | pH | EC | TDS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit | °C | – | µS cm−1 | mg L−1 |
| Range | 28.3–32.8 | 2.79–7.71 | 56.7–491.1 | 39.3–383.3 |
| A.M.b ± S.D.d | 30.3 ± 1.26 | 6.52 ± 1.24 | 170.4 ± 89.4 | 130.0 ± 63.2 |
| G.M.c ± S.D.d | 30.3 ± 1.26 | 6.36 ± 1.24 | 150.1 ± 89.4 | 117.2 ± 63.2 |
| Skewness | 0.14 | − 1.84 | 1.18 | 1.48 |
| Kurtosis | − 1.38 | 2.63 | 1.45 | 3.09 |
| MPLe (BIS) | – | 6.5–8.5 | – | 2000 |
| MPLe (WHO) | – | – | 1500 | 1000 |
| MPLe (USEPA) | – | > 6.5–< 8.5 | – | – |
aNumber of samples, bArithmetic mean, cGeometric mean, dStandard deviation, eMaximum permissible limit.