Table 9.
Statistical parameters of the estimated LADD due to ingestion of HMs present in potable water.
| Al | Cr | Mn | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | Pb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LADD through ingestion (μg kg−1 day−1) for children | |||||||||
| AM | 4.2 × 10−4 | 1.8 × 10−4 | 1.4 × 10−3 | 1.5 × 10−5 | 1.7 × 10−4 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 4.0 × 10−2 | 1.3 × 10−5 | 1.0 × 10−4 |
| SD | 5.8 × 10−4 | 8.6 × 10−5 | 3.2 × 10−3 | 1.8 × 10−5 | 1.0 × 10−4 | 2.0 × 10−4 | 6.8 × 10−2 | 2.3 × 10−5 | 2.3 × 10−4 |
| Min | 7.5 × 10−6 | 2.9 × 10−5 | 1.1 × 10−7 | 1.9 × 10−6 | 4.6 × 10−5 | 8.1 × 10−6 | 5.8 × 10−4 | 1.1 × 10−7 | 3.4 × 10−7 |
| Max | 3.1 × 10−3 | 4.1 × 10−4 | 1.6 × 10−2 | 1.0 × 10−4 | 6.2 × 10−4 | 1.0 × 10−3 | 4.7 × 10−1 | 9.7 × 10−5 | 1.3 × 10−3 |
| LADD through ingestion (μg kg−1 day−1) for adults | |||||||||
| AM | 1.1 × 10−4 | 4.6 × 10−5 | 3.4 × 10−4 | 3.7 × 10−6 | 4.4 × 10−5 | 2.9 × 10−5 | 1.0 × 10−2 | 3.3 × 10−6 | 2.6 × 10−5 |
| SD | 1.5 × 10−4 | 2.2 × 10−5 | 8.2 × 10−4 | 4.5 × 10−6 | 2.6 × 10−5 | 5.2 × 10−5 | 1.7 × 10−2 | 5.8 × 10−6 | 5.7 × 10−5 |
| Min | 1.9 × 10−6 | 7.4 × 10−6 | 2.9 × 10−8 | 4.9 × 10−7 | 1.2 × 10−5 | 2.1 × 10−6 | 1.5 × 10−4 | 2.9 × 10−8 | 8.6 × 10−8 |
| Max | 7.8 × 10−4 | 1.0 × 10−4 | 4.0 × 10−3 | 2.6 × 10−5 | 1.6 × 10−4 | 2.7 × 10−4 | 1.2 × 10−1 | 2.5 × 10−5 | 3.2 × 10−4 |