Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohorts from CENTER-TBI and OzENTER-TBI
| Variable | Level | CENTER-TBI (N = 1084) | OzENTER-TBI (N = 159) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age, median [IQR] | 49 [29–65] | 39 [24–65] | |
| Sex, n (%) | Female | 270 (25) | 37 (23) |
| Male | 814 (75) | 122 (77) | |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Hypotension, n (%) | No | 843 (77.9) | 116 (73) |
| Yes | 239 (22.1) | 43 (27) | |
| NA (n) | 2 | 0 | |
| Hypoxia, n (%) | No | 1030 (95) | 157 (98.7) |
| Yes | 54 (5) | 2 (1.3) | |
| Injury Severity Score, median [IQR] | 34 [25–45] | 29 [25–38] | |
| NA (n) | 3 | 0 | |
| pH, median [IQR] | Lowest | 7.34 [7.29–7.39] | 7.33 [7.29–7.37] |
| NA (n) | 20 | 0 | |
| Highest | 7.43 [7.39–7.47] | 7.41 [7.38–7.45] | |
| NA (n) | 6 | 0 | |
| Neurological presentation | |||
| Pupillary reactivity, n (%) | Both reactive | 790 (72.9) | 119 (74.8) |
| One reactive | 87 (8) | 11 (7) | |
| Both unreactive | 157 (14.5) | 25 (15.7) | |
| NA | 50 (4.6) | 4 (2.5) | |
| GCS Motor Score, n (%) | Localizes/obeys | 419 (38.7) | 33 (20.7) |
| None/extension | 493 (45.5) | 117 (73.6) | |
| Any flexion | 151 (13.9) | 8 (5) | |
| NA | 21 (1.9) | 1 (0.7) | |
| GCS score, n (%) | GCS > 8 | 370 (34.1) | 58 (36.5) |
| GCS ≤ 8 | 657 (60.6) | 97 (61) | |
| NA | 57 (5.3) | 4 (2.5) | |
| ICP at ICU admission, median [IQR] | 8 [4–14] | 11 [7–15] | |
| NA (n) | 521 | 108 | |
| Mean ICP, median [IQR] | 11 [6–15] | 11 [8–15] | |
| NA (n) | 521 | 108 | |
| Brain injury severity | |||
| Marshall CT Classification, median [IQR] | 3 [2–6] | 2 [2–6] | |
| NA (n) | 105 | 21 | |
| GFAP, median [IQR] | ng/mL | 20.5 [7–50.8] | / |
| NA (n) | 198 | 159 | |
| Oxygenation | |||
| Day 1 PaO2overall, mean (SD) | mmHg | 207.17 (99.91) | 328.18 (144.46) |
| PaO2mean, mean (SD) | mmHg | 155.79 (46.93) | 197.79 (73.79) |
| PaO2max, mean (SD) | mmHg | 230.92 (102.95) | 356.01 (134.47) |
| ΔPaO2mean, mean (SD) | mmHg | 57 (36.7) | 98.20 (59.95) |
| Day 1—PaO2/FiO2, mean (SD) | mmHg | 412.48 (197.08) | 453.59 (207.1) |
| Day 1 FiO2overall, mean (SD) | 0.54 (0.21) | 0.76 (0.26) | |
| FiO2mean, mean (SD) | 0.45 (0.15) | 0.48 (0.15) | |
| FiO2max, mean (SD) | 0.59 (0.22) | 0.82 (0.23) | |
| ΔFiO2mean, mean (SD) | 0.05 (0.08) | 0.15 (0.11) | |
| Functional neurologic outcome | |||
| GOSE 6-month follow-up, n (%) | |||
| GOSE < = 4 | 528 (48.7) | 53 (33.3) | |
| GOSE > 4 | 439 (40.5) | 95 (59.7) | |
| NA | 117 (10.8) | 11 (7) | |
Hypotension was defined as a documented systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg; hypoxia was defined as a documented partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) < 8 kPa (60 mmHg), oxygen saturation (SaO2) < 90%, or both
CT computed tomography, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, GFAP gliofibrillar acid protein, GOSE Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended, ICP intracranial pressure, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, NA not available, SD standard deviation