Table 3.

Postoperative dynamics in cognitive abilities in relation to demographics, tumor characteristics, and surgical variables—a Spearman correlation analysis

Variables	∆TMT 2	∆TMT 4	∆Digit span forward	∆Code	∆AVLT total	∆AVLT delayed	∆RCFT copy	∆RCFT delayed
Age	− 0.20	− 0.27	− 0.21	− 0.02	− 0.03	− 0.33	− 0.24	− 0.01
Sex1	− 0.15	− 0.20	0.20	− 0.34a	0.04	0.05	0.14	0.18
Education2	0.08	− 0.04	0.07	− 0.08	− 0.19	− 0.04	− 0.01	0.23
Eloquence3	− 0.25	− 0.15	− 0.10	− 0.20	− 0.07	− 0.29	− 0.02	− 0.02
Tumor lateralization4	− 0.25	− 0.10	− 0.10	− 0.14	− 0.23	− 0.12	0.11	− 0.20
Tumor recurrence5	− 0.23	− 0.04	− 0.14	− 0.48b	0.11	− 0.10	0.22	− 0.28
Tumor volume	− 0.20	− 0.12	− 0.03	− 0.08	− 0.11	− 0.29	− 0.05	− 0.09
Awake surgery6	− 0.27	− 0.24	− 0.20	− 0.34a	− 0.20	− 0.16	− 0.10	− 0.22
Extent of resection	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.01	0.17	0.16	0.56b	− 0.07	− 0.17
Postoperative complication7	− 0.17	− 0.22	− 0.03	− 0.09	− 0.35	− 0.38a	− 0.09	0.14
Oncological treatment before follow-up8	− 0.05	− 0.17	0.14	− 0.12	0.15	0.00	− 0.33	− 0.42a
Return to work at 1 year9	0.10	0.22	0.00	0.33a	0.23	0.21	− 0.02	0.08

¹Male = 0, female = 1. ²Considered ordinal; elementary school = 0, high-school = 1, university = 2. ³No = 0, yes = 1. ⁴Right hemisphere = 0, left hemisphere = 1. ⁵No = 0, yes = 1. ⁶No = 0, yes = 1. ⁷No = 0, yes = 1. ⁸No = 0, yes = 1. ⁹No = 0, yes = 1

^ap value < 0.05, ^bp value < 0.001. Bold and italics indicate statistical significance