Table 1.
Baseline clinical features of the 337 IE cases studied
| General characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Total Number | 337 |
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 64 [51.5–73] |
| Male gender, number (%) | 237 (70.3) |
| Female gender, number (%) | 100 (29.7) |
| Comorbidities, number (%) | |
| Chronic heart failure (prior to IE onset) | 101 (30) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 73 (21.7) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 66 (19.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 62 (18.4) |
| Liver disease | 61 (18.1) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 59 (17.5) |
| Malignant neoplasia | 49 (14.5) |
| Renal replacement therapy (intermittent haemodialysis) | 18 (5.3) |
| Biochemical data, median [IQR] | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1689 [497–5703] |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 [0.8–1.3] |
| HS-troponin I, ng/mL | 0.06 [0.02–0.65] |
| D-dimers, ng/mL | 605 [296.5–1101.0] |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 5.3 [2.5–9.9] |
| Vegetation location, number (%) | |
| Aortic valve | 115 (34.3) |
| Mitral valve | 79 (23.6) |
| Tricuspid valve | 18 (5.4) |
| Pulmonary valve | 7 (2.1) |
| Cardiac implantable electronic device | 86 (25.7) |
| Multivalve involvement | 28 (8.4) |
| Other | 2 (0.6) |
| IE subtype, number (%) | |
| Native valve | 145 (43.3) |
| Prosthetic valve | 93 (27.8) |
| Cardiac implantable electronic device | 86 (25.7) |
| Other | 11 (3.3) |
| IE causative pathogen, number (%) | |
| S. aureus | 53 (15.7) |
| Coagulase negative staphylococci | 63 (18.7) |
| Streptococcus spp. | 97 (28.8) |
| Enterococcus spp. | 52 (15.4) |
| Gram negatives | 14 (4.2) |
| Candida spp. | 2 (0.6) |
| Other microorganisms | 7 (2.1) |
| Negative cultures | 49 (14.5) |
| Cardiac surgery, number (%) | |
| Surgical indication (2 missing) | 246 (73.4) |
| Surgical treatment (3 missing) | 208 (62.3) |
| Complications, number (%) | |
| Embolic events | 104 (30.9) |
| Valve perforation | 29 (8.6) |
| Annular abscess | 46 (13.6) |
| In hospital mortality (2 missing), number (%) | |
| Discharged alive | 303 (90.4) |
| Discharged dead | 32 (9.6) |