Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical, biochemical and outcome variables associated to NT-proBNP levels in the study cohort (n = 337)
| Parameter | Univariate analysis | P | Multivariate analysis | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NT-proBNP | OR [CI 95%] | ||||
| ≤ 1689.0 (n = 169) | > 1689.0 (n = 168) | ||||
| General characteristics | |||||
| Age, median [IQR] | 56 [46–68.5] | 69 [59–75] | < 0.001 | 1.046 [1.019–1.074] | 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.096 | ||||
| M | 126 (74.5) | 111 (65.7) | |||
| F | 43 (25.5) | 57 (34.5) | |||
| Vegetation location, n (%) | 0.054 | ||||
| Aortic valve | 64 (38) | 51 (30.5) | |||
| Mitral valve | 38 (22.6) | 41 (24.5) | |||
| Tricuspid valve | 14 (8.3) | 4 (2.4) | |||
| Pulmonary valve | 4 (2.5) | 3 (1.8) | |||
| CIED | 35 (20.8) | 51 (30.5) | |||
| Other | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | |||
| Multisite location | 13 (7.8) | 15 (9) | |||
| Heart side, n (%) | 0.731 | ||||
| Left-sided | 113 (67.3) | 105 (63.2) | |||
| Right-sided | 51 (30.3) | 56 (33.7) | |||
| Bilateral | 4 (2.4) | 5 (30.1) | |||
| Type of valve, n (%) | 0.145 | ||||
| Native | 83 (65.3) | 62 (55.8) | |||
| Prosthetic | 44 (34.7) | 49 (44.2) | |||
| Microorganisms, n (%) | < 0.001 | 1.246 [0.957–1.621] | 0.102 | ||
| S. aureus | 21 (12.4) | 32 (19) | |||
| Other Staphylococcus | 22 (13) | 41 (24.4) | |||
| Streptococcus spp. | 66 (39) | 31 (18.4) | |||
| Enterococcus spp. | 28 (16.6) | 24 (14.3) | |||
| Gram negative | 4 (2.4) | 10 (6) | |||
| Candida spp. | 0 (0) | 2 (1.2) | |||
| Other microorganisms | 2 (1.2) | 5 (3) | |||
| Negative culture | 26 (15.4) | 23 (13.7) | |||
| Microorganisms, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.249 [0.083–0.751] | 0.014 | ||
| Staphylococcus spp | 43 (25.4) | 73 (43.4) | |||
| Other microorganisms | 126 (74.6) | 95 (56.6) | |||
| Biochemical data, median [IQR] | |||||
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 4.7 [2.4–8.6] | 6.3 [2.9–11.7] | 0.023 | 1.018 [0.982–1.055] | 0.337 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 [0.7–1] | 1.2 [0.9–1.7] | < 0.001 | 1.629 [0.986–2.690] | 0.057 |
| HS-troponin I, ng/mL | 0.02 [0.01–0.19] | 0.11 [0.04–2.415] | < 0.001 | 1.001 [0.997–1.005] | 0.793 |
| D-dimers, ng/mL | 507 [251–922] | 724 [356.7–1412.2] | < 0.001 | 1.000 [1.000–1.000] | 0.893 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Chronic heart failure (prior to IE onset) | 37 (22) | 64 (38) | < 0.001 | 0.676 [0.311–1.469] | 0.322 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 20 (11.8) | 46 (27.4) | < 0.001 | 2.360 [0.891–6.247] | 0.084 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 27 (15.9) | 46 (27.4) | 0.012 | 1.144 [0.487–2.686] | 0.757 |
| Diabetes | 23 (13.6) | 39 (23.2) | 0.025 | 0.393 [0.145–1.061] | 0.065 |
| Liver disease | 35 (20.7) | 26 (15.5) | 0.258 | ||
| Malignant neoplasia | 18 (10.6) | 31 (18.3) | 0.046 | 2.244 [0.879–5.729] | 0.091 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (2.3) | 55 (32.7) | < 0.001 | 13.339 [2.530–70.340] | 0.002 |
| Haemodialysis | 0 (0) | 18 (10.7) | < 0.001 | N/A | N/A |
| Cardiac surgerya, n (%) | |||||
| Surgical indication | 114 (68.2) | 132 (78.5) | 0.036 | 2.237 [0.967–5.175] | 0.060 |
| Surgical treatment | 95 (56.8) | 113 (67.6) | 0.055 | ||
| Complications, n (%): | |||||
| Embolic events | 54 (32) | 50 (29.7) | 0.724 | ||
| Valve rupture | 18 (10.6) | 11 (6.5) | 0.244 | ||
| Annular abscess | 19 (11.2) | 27 (16) | 0.208 | ||
| In-hospital outcome, n (%) | < 0.001 | 7.671 [1.550–37.961] | 0.013 | ||
| Survivors | 164 (97.7) | 139 (83.3) | |||
| Non-survivors | 4 (2.3) | 28 (16.7) | |||
aIncludes both open-heart valve surgery and CIED extraction procedures