TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of ovarian cancer patients by tertiles of dietary copper and zinc intake (N = 701).
| Characteristics | All patients | Tertiles of dietary copper intake |
P-value* | Tertiles of dietary zinc intake |
P-value* | ||||
| I | II | III | I | II | III | ||||
| Range (mg/d) | <1.30 | 1.30–2.37 | >2.37 | <6.98 | 6.98–9.61 | >9.61 | |||
| No. of patients/deaths | 701/130 | 233/47 | 233/45 | 235/38 | 0.50 | 233/43 | 233/45 | 235/42 | 0.92 |
| Mean (SD) age at diagnosis (years) | 53.60 (9.44) | 54.19 (9.25) | 52.75 (9.72) | 53.85 (9.32) | 0.52 | 53.86 (9.61) | 53.37 (9.26) | 53.56 (9.48) | 0.78 |
| Mean (SD) body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.24 (3.59) | 23.11 (3.30) | 23.12 (3.52) | 23.51 (3.92) | 0.60 | 23.06 (3.61) | 23.12 (3.83) | 23.55 (3.30) | 0.12 |
| Mean (SD) physical activity (MET h/d) | 15.77 (11.25) | 15.56 (11.35) | 15.46 (10.81) | 16.29 (11.61) | 0.66 | 15.52 (11.28) | 16.22 (11.75) | 15.58 (10.75) | 0.79 |
| Ever cigarette smoking | 68 (9.70) | 22 (9.44) | 25 (10.73) | 21 (8.94) | 0.80 | 24 (10.30) | 20 (8.58) | 24 (10.21) | 0.78 |
| Ever alcohol drinking | 149 (21.26) | 44 (18.88) | 56 (24.03) | 49 (20.85) | 0.39 | 45 (19.31) | 46 (19.74) | 58 (24.68) | 0.29 |
| Ever menopause | 506 (72.18) | 170 (72.96) | 166 (71.24) | 170 (72.34) | 0.92 | 178 (76.39) | 160 (68.67) | 168 (71.49) | 0.17 |
| Ever diet change before diagnosis | 168 (23.97) | 45 (19.31) | 55 (23.61) | 68 (28.94) | 0.05 | 48 (20.60) | 53 (22.75) | 67 (28.51) | 0.12 |
| Parity | <0.05 | 0.19 | |||||||
| ≤ 1 | 504 (71.90) | 154 (66.09) | 170 (72.96) | 180 (76.60) | 158 (67.81) | 169 (72.53) | 177 (75.32) | ||
| ≥ 2 | 197 (28.10) | 79 (33.91) | 63 (27.04) | 55 (23.40) | 75 (32.19) | 64 (27.47) | 58 (24.68) | ||
| Menarche age | 0.44 | 0.58 | |||||||
| ≤ 16 | 591 (84.31) | 191 (81.97) | 201 (86.27) | 199 (84.68) | 192 (82.40) | 200 (85.84) | 199 (84.68) | ||
| > 16 | 110 (15.69) | 42 (18.03) | 32 (13.73) | 36 (15.32) | 41 (17.60) | 33 (14.16) | 36 (15.32) | ||
| Educational level | 0.11 | 0.20 | |||||||
| Junior secondary or below | 373 (53.21) | 135 (57.94) | 117 (50.22) | 121 (51.49) | 131 (56.22) | 127 (54.50) | 115 (48.94) | ||
| Senior high school/technical secondary school | 147 (20.97) | 43 (18.45) | 60 (25.75) | 44 (18.72) | 46 (19.74) | 54 (23.18) | 47 (20.00) | ||
| Junior college/university or above | 181 (25.82) | 55 (23.61) | 56 (24.03) | 70 (29.79) | 56 (24.04) | 52 (22.32) | 73 (31.06) | ||
| Income per month (Yuan) | 0.58 | <0.05 | |||||||
| < 5,000 | 420 (59.92) | 147 (63.09) | 142 (60.94) | 131 (55.74) | 152 (65.24) | 142 (60.94) | 126 (53.62) | ||
| 5,000– < 10,000 | 193 (27.53) | 58 (24.89) | 63 (27.04) | 72 (30.64) | 48 (20.60) | 66 (28.33) | 79 (33.62) | ||
| ≥ 10,000 | 88 (12.55) | 28 (12.02) | 28 (12.02) | 32 (13.62) | 33 (14.16) | 25 (10.73) | 30 (12.76) | ||
| Mean (SD) total energy intake (kcal/d) | 1456.93 (552.98) | 1013.10 (276.58) | 1452.73 (354.13) | 1901.13 (565.89) | <0.05 | 959.80 (228.92) | 1403.83 (276.55) | 2002.46 (489.07) | <0.05 |
| Mean (SD) protein intake (g/d) | 58.51 (24.79) | 37.73 (10.54) | 57.09 (14.56) | 80.53 (24.48) | <0.05 | 36.35 (9.09) | 54.49 (10.90) | 84.47 (21.38) | <0.05 |
| Mean (SD) total fiber intake (g/d) | 17.53 (8.62) | 10.53 (3.79) | 16.53 (4.67) | 25.46 (8.55) | <0.05 | 11.25 (4.37) | 16.10 (5.19) | 25.17 (8.75) | <0.05 |
| Mean (SD) calcium intake (mg/d) | 454.47 (248.46) | 260.25 (107.62) | 428.87 (135.14) | 672.41 (262.99) | <0.05 | 265.16 (105.25) | 417.40 (146.59) | 678.91 (254.43) | <0.05 |
| Mean (SD) iron intake (mg/d) | 18.92 (7.98) | 12.21 (2.84) | 18.26 (4.30) | 26.22 (8.08) | <0.05 | 11.92 (2.59) | 17.62 (3.18) | 27.14 (7.44) | <0.05 |
Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise. MET, metabolic equivalents of task; SD, standard deviation. *P-values were determined with one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.