Table 2.

Biomolecules of diverse origins obtained through metagenomic approaches from marine sources

Genomic source	Biomolecule	Applications	References
Marine organisms	Anti-inflammatory molecules and anti-pathogenic molecules	Against fungi, bacteria, parasites, nematodes, and tumors	[24]
Bacterial whole genome Flaviramulus ichthyoenteri (isolated from fish intestine)	Acylhomoserine lactone lactonase (AHLase) FiaL along with digestive enzymes such as lipases and alginate lyases	Quorum sensing inhibitors as antipathogen in aquaculture	[25]
Microbes from surficial sediments of the Arabian Sea	Secondary metabolites such as PKS biosynthetic genes	Bactericidal to human pathogens and cytotoxic to human breast cancer cells (MCF-7)	[26]
Marine fungus Oceanitis cincinnatula	Antibiofilm (of Vibrio parahaemolyticus)	Aquaculture: Protect shrimp against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)	[27]
Metagenomic library from mangrove soil	Isolation of β-agarase gene for glycoside hydrolase	Recombinant protein was active at pH 7.0 and 50 °C. Useful in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries	[30]
Marine library	QS inhibitors—AHLase	Inhibit biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa	[31]
Screening Metagenomic libraries	Secondary metabolite gene clusters for phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase).	Necessary for activation of polyketide synthase (PKS) and Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase	[33, 34]
Metagenomic library from marine water sample	Identification of a novel peptide with antifungal properties	Peptide had a chitin-binding characteristic	[35]
metagenomic approach using ‘Candidatus Endoecteinascidia frumentensis’	Ecteinascidin 743 (ET-743)	Anti-cancer compound	[36]
Metagenomic fosmid library from marine sediments	alkaline esterase, Est12	Active at low temperatures	[37]
Metagenomic fosmid library from marine sediments	Class 3 lipase	Specific towards short and medium-length p-nitrophenyl esters especially p-nitrophenyl acetate	[38]
Ocean floor Petroleum reservoir	Cellulase	Source of thermostable enzymes	[39]