Fig. 3. Effects of GA treatment on NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with GA (300 and 600 μM) for 2 h and then stimulated via LPS for 2 h. (A) The protein expression levels of total and phosphorylated forms of NF-κB, IKKα/β, and IκBα were determined using western blotting. (B) Western blotting was performed for detecting the protein expression of MAPKs and their phosphorylated forms. GAPDH was used as a loading control. GA, gentisic acid; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; IKK, IκB kinase; IκBα, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B-α; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.