Table 3.

Comparison of L-MA production from various LB by microorganisms.

Substrate	Pretreatment	Substrate concentration	Microorganism	Process mode	L-MA (g/l)	Yield (g/g)	Productivity (g/l/h)	Reference
Corn hull hydrolysate	Non- pretreatment (Milled into small particles)	100 g/l (88 g/l xylose)	A. tropicalis H1	15-ml shake flask, batch, 120 h, 37ºC	77.09	0.77	0.64	This study
Xylose	-	100 g/l	A. tropicalis H1	15-ml shake flask, batch, 120 h, 37ºC	87.53	0.88	0.73	This study
Milled corn stover	Non-pretreatment (Milled into small particles)	50 g/l	Thermobifida fusca muC-16	3-l bioreactor, batch (120 h), 55ºC	21.47	0.43	0.18	[10]
Barley straw	Acid	95 g/l (56 g/l glucose, 33 g/l xylose and 6 g/l arabinose)	Aureobasidium pullulans Y-2311-1	125-ml shake flask, batch (288 h), 25ºC	43.54	0.30	0.48	[34]
Beech wood hemicellulose hydrolysate	Organosolv	99.5 g/l	Aspergillus oryzae DSM 1863	2-l bioreactor, batch (168 h), 32ºC	5.8	-	0.03	[30]
Corncob hydrolysate	Acid	150 g/l (96 g/l glucose and 54 g/l xylose) A. pullulans CCTCC M2012223	5-l bioreactor, batch (864 h), 25ºC	38.6	0.30	0.40	[43]
Corn fiber hydrolysate	Chemical (alkaline + H2O2)	50 g/l	A. pullulans NRRL 50383	50-ml shake flask, batch (168 h), 25ºC	11.6	-	0.07	[44]
Corn straw hydrolysate	Stream-steam-explosion jar and dilute acid	125 g/l (100 g glucose and 25 g xylose)	Rhizopus delemar HF-121	3-l bioreactor, batch (60 h), 30ºC	120.5	0.96	2.01	[37]
Wheat straw hydrolysate	Chemical (alkaline + H2O2)	50 g/l	A. pullulans NRRL 50383	50-ml bioreactor, fed- batch (168 h), 25ºC	27	-	0.16	[44]