Table 2.
Risk factors associated with recent HIV infections in the Amhara regional state, northern Ethiopia, 2021 (N = 3,129).
| Study variables | Category | Recency test results | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recent (N/%) | Long term (N/%) | ||||
| Age in years (N = 3,129) | 21–25 | 53 (10.6) | 445 (89.4) | 2.4 (1.2–5.0) | 1.2 (0.4–4) |
| 26–30 | 82 (11.1) | 656 (88.9) | 2.5 (1.2–5.1) | 1 (0.3–3.1) | |
| 31–35 | 76 (13.6) | 482 (86.4) | 3.2 (1.6–6.5) | 0.7 (0.2–2.5) | |
| 36–40 | 88 (18.8) | 379 (81.2) | 4.7 (2.3–9.5) | 2 (0.6–6.3) | |
| 41–45 | 46 (16.4) | 235 (83.6) | 4 (1.9–8.3) | 2 (0.5–7.1) | |
| 46–50 | 30 (14) | 184 (86) | 3.3 (1.5–7.1) | 2.3 (0.2–36) | |
| ≥51 | 59 (32.4) | 123 (67.6) | 9.7 (4.6–20.3) | 5.7 (0.2–195.7) | |
| 15–20 | 9 (4.7) | 182 (95.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Sex (N = 3,129) | Female | 328 (15.8) | 1,742 (84.2) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.9 (1.2–3.1)* |
| Male | 115 (10.9) | 944 (89.1) | 1 | 1 | |
| Type of current residency (N = 3,107) | Shelter | 23 (11.7) | 173 (88.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.5 (0.6–4.8) |
| Prison | 4 (21.1) | 15 (78.9) | 1.8 (0.6–5.4) | 4.8 (0.5–45.7) | |
| Others | 6 (14.6) | 35 (85.4) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 0.5 (0.5–4.9) | |
| Homeless | 73 (28.5) | 183 (71.5) | 2.7 (2.0–3.6) | 0.3 (0.0–6.7) | |
| House/apartment | 336 (12.9) | 2,259 (87.1) | 1 | 1 | |
| Marital status (N = 3,105) | Not married/cohabiting | 301 (15.7) | 1,613 (84.) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) |
| Married/cohabiting | 138 (11.6) | 1,053 (88) | 1 | 1 | |
| Current occupation (N = 3,033) | Casual Laborers | 130 (12.8) | 888 (87.2) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) |
| Government employed | 25 (12.3) | 178 (87.7) | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 2.4 (0.9–6.5) | |
| Self/private employed | 52 (12.1) | 378 (87.9) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | |
| Unemployed/jobless | 17 (11.2) | 135 (88.8) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 1.1 (0.3–3.4) | |
| Commercial sex workers | 122 (27.9) | 316 (72.1) | 3.8 (2.4–5.9) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | |
| Farmers | 54 (11) | 437 (89) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 1 (0.4–2.5) | |
| Housewife | 28 (9.3) | 273 (90.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Educational status (N = 1,442) | Primary | 63 (12.7) | 435 (87.3) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9)* |
| Secondary and above | 49 (15.3) | 271 (84.7) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 2.1 (1.3–3.4)* | |
| No formal education | 62 (9.9) | 562 (90.1) | 1 | 1 | |
| Recent history of commercial sex practice (N = 1,959) | Yes | 138 (22.4) | 479 (77.6) | 2 (1.6–2.6) | 1.8 (1.2–2.7)* |
| No | 168 (12.5) | 1,174 (87.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| Contact with index case (N = 3,093) | Yes | 56 (10.3) | 487 (89.7) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8)* |
| No | 384 (15.1) | 2,166 (84.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| Illicit drug use (N = 3,057) | Yes | 15 (30.6) | 34 (69.4) | 2.8 (1.5–5.2) | 3.6 (1.1–12.4)* |
| No | 406 (13.5) | 2,602 (86.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| Invasive medical procedure (N = 3,103) | Yes | 16 (22.2) | 56 (77.8) | 1.8 (1–3.1) | 0.5 (0.1–4.1) |
| No | 418 (13.8) | 2,613 (86.2) | 1 | 1 | |
*
Significant association.