2SC metabolism and the genomic organization and distribution of 2SC metabolic genes in prokaryotes.A, cellular thiols such as cysteine react with fumarate to form 2SC. B, 2SC breakdown pathway by Yxe enzymes (L, K, and P) in Bacillus subtilis. C, distribution of yxe locus genes in taxonomically diverse prokaryotes. The presence or absence of yxe genes that cluster on the chromosome are indicated with filled or empty boxes, respectively. 2SL genes characterized in this study are marked with a star. D, genomic organization of yxe locus genes (gray) in representative genomes. 2SL (red) sometimes replaces yxeK (blue) in the locus. 2SC, S-(2-succino)cysteine; 2SL, S-(2-succino) lyase.