Table 2.
Clearance of organic NIR-II contrast agents
| Materials type | Imaging agent | Excitation/Emission (nm) | Shape | Zeta (mV) | Size (nm)/MW (kDa) | Clearance pathway | Clearance duration | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIR-II contrast agents based conjugated polymers | PDFT1032 | 808/900-1400 | Sphere | - | DLS/TEM: 68 |
Hepatobiliary and renal clearance. | - | 127 |
| TTQ-2TC NPs | 808/900-1400 | Sphere | - | DLS: 140 TEM: 130 |
Hepatobiliary clearance. | - | 128 | |
| DPP-BTzTD Pdots | 1064/760-860 | Sphere | L-dots: -39 S-dots: -26 |
DLS/TEM: L-dots: 25 S-dots: 4 |
L-dots: hepatobiliary clearance. S-dots: hepatobiliary and renal clearance |
Within 144 hours; Within 72 hours | 129 | |
| NIR-II contrast agents encapsulated in amphiphilic matrixes | p-FE | 808/900-1400 | Sphere | - | DLS/TEM: 12 | Hepatobiliary clearance | Within 3 days | 35 |
| DTTB@PEG | 808/900-1400 | Sphere | - | DLS/TEM: 80 | MPS clearance | - | 130 | |
| BPN-BBTD NPs | 785/800-1300 | Sphere | - | DLS/TEM: 37.1 ± 2.3 | Hepatobiliary clearance | Within 33 days | 131 | |
| HLZ-BTED dots | 808/900-1400 | Sphere | -16.3 | DLS: ~60 TEM: ~50 |
Hepatobiliary clearance | - | 132 | |
| NIR-II contrast agents encapsulated in or modified with proteins | IR820-HSA | 808/1000-1200 | - | - | - | Hepatobiliary clearance | - | 133 |
| H2a-4T@ Cetuximab |
808/950-1500 | - | - | - | Hepatobiliary and renal clearance | - | 134 | |
| Anti-PD-L1-BGP6 | 808/900-1400 | - | - | IR-BGP6: DLS: 3.5 |
91% renal clearance | Within 10 hours | 135 | |
| CP-IRT | 808/900-1400 | - | - | DLS: ~5 | 87% renal clearance | Within 6 hours | 67 | |
| CH1055-affibody | 808/900-1300 | - | - | CH1055: MW: 0.97 Affibody: MW: ~7 |
Renal clearance | Over 24 hours | 56 | |
| NIR-II contrast agents modified with the water-soluble polymer | CH1055/PEG | 808/900-1300 | - | - | DLS: 3 MW: 8.9 |
~90% renal clearance | Within 24 hours | 56 |
| FBP912 | 808/900-1200 | - | - | DLS: ~ 4 | ~65% excretion through the kidney | Within 12 hours | 136 | |
| IR-BEMC6P | 808/900-1400 | - | - | - | Renal clearance | Within 24 hours | 66 | |
| NIR-II contrast agents modified by water-soluble ionization | SWIR-WAZABY-01 | 707/800-1500 in DMSO; 638/720-1200 in plasma. |
- | - | - | Hepatobiliary clearance | _ | 137 |
| LZ-1105 | 1064/1000-1400 | - | - | - | 86% renal clearance | Within 24 hours | 138 | |
| Water-soluble metallo-organic compound | Nd-DTPA | 808/1000-1200, 1300-1400 |
- | - | MW: < 40 | Renal clearance | Within 11 hours | 139 |
| Nd-DOTA | 808/1000-1200, 1300-1400 |
- | - | MW: 0.54 | ~50% renal clearance | Within 3 hours | 140 |