. 2022 Nov 19;20:101289. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101289

Table 5.

Association between racial segregation indices and substance use facilities per 100,000 population by Census Region.

	All facilities				MAT-providing facilities
	Northeast(1)	South (2)	Midwest (3)	West (4)	Northeast (5)	South (6)	Midwest (7)	West (8)
$D_{c t}^{B}$	1.325	−0.964*	−0.202	−0.249	−1.015	−0.133	−0.213	0.360
	(1.683)	(0.542)	(0.547)	(0.992)	(1.184)	(0.343)	(0.295)	(0.578)

$D_{c t}^{H}$	0.630	−0.736	0.433	−1.707	0.606	−0.834**	−0.027	−2.940*
	(1.998)	(0.492)	(0.700)	(3.057)	(1.510)	(0.399)	(0.423)	(1.600)

$I n t e r a c t_{c t}^{W B}$	−19.71	−5.875*	−5.180	−11.83	−22.26*	0.249	−16.85***	−17.86
	(16.25)	(3.169)	(9.610)	(33.67)	(13.19)	(2.160)	(5.893)	(23.28)

$I n t e r a c t_{c t}^{B W}$	3.533	0.707	0.768	−0.885	3.792	−0.231	−0.105	0.206
	(3.583)	(0.828)	(0.575)	(1.321)	(2.733)	(0.515)	(0.324)	(0.657)

$I n t e r a c t_{c t}^{W H}$	−9.018	−1.647	−0.372	−19.03**	−12.72**	−0.054	8.661	−12.90**
	(5.843)	(3.925)	(10.53)	(8.945)	(4.936)	(2.447)	(7.168)	(5.310)

$I n t e r a c t_{c t}^{H W}$	−0.184	−0.295	1.768	−8.990**	−3.039	−0.795	2.256**	0.603
	(3.717)	(0.943)	(1.497)	(4.532)	(3.327)	(0.766)	(0.944)	(2.112)

N	651	4110	3162	1335	651	4110	3162	1335
$R^{2}$	0.910	0.840	0.781	0.380	0.847	0.777	0.607	0.666

County fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
State-year fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
County controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Notes: Standard errors clustered at county level. Outcome data are the number of substance use treatment facilities per 100,000 population calculated from the 2010, 2015, and 2020 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services directories. Racial segregation indices calculated from the 5-year 2009, 2014, and 2019 American Community Surveys. All regressions include controls for the natural log of county income per capita, county race-specific opioid mortality rates, county median age, county fixed effects and state-year fixed effects. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1.