Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics for inpatients diagnosed with lower extremity fracture by opioid dose (n=1520).
| High-dose opioid per day (≥50 MME) | Low-dose opioid per day (<50 MME) | No opioid during admission | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 309 (20.3) | 1036 (68.2) | 175 (11.5) | |
| Milligram morphine equivalent (median, IQR) | 70.0 (58.0, 96.9) | 26.0 (14.3, 37.8) | NA | <.0001 |
| Age (years), (median, IQR) | 34.0 (25.0, 51.0) | 34.0 (25.0, 51.0) | 30.0 (23.0, 43.0) | .05 |
| Gender | .05 | |||
| Male | 227 (73.5) | 703 (67.9) | 131 (74.9) | |
| Female | 82 (26.5) | 333 (32.1) | 44 (25.1) | |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Underweight | 11 (3.6) | 39 (3.8) | 4 (2.3) | <.0001 |
| Normal | 61 (19.7) | 226 (21.8) | 12 (6.9) | |
| Overweight | 75 (24.2) | 223 (21.5) | 20 (11.4) | |
| Obese | 89 (28.8) | 284 (27.4) | 14 (8.0) | |
| Unknown | 73 (23.6) | 264 (25.5) | 125 (71.4) | |
| Body region fracture | ||||
| Ankle and foot | 37 (12.0) | 206 (19.9) | 58 (33.1) | <.0001 |
| Hip and thigh | 110 (35.6) | 283 (27.3) | 38 (21.7) | |
| Knee and lower leg | 59 (19.1) | 222 (21.4) | 38 (21.7) | |
| Lower limb (various or unspecified regions) | 31 (10.0) | 145 (14.0) | 30 (17.1) | |
| Pelvis | 40 (10.4) | 119 (11.5) | 9 (5.1) | |
| Multiple body regions | 32 (12.9) | 61 (5.9) | 2 (1.1) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||
| Mild | 48 (15.5) | 151 (14.6) | 25 (14.3) | .83 |
| Moderate | 15 (4.8) | 45 (4.3) | 10 (5.7) | |
| Severe | 11 (3.6) | 56 (5.4) | 7 (4.0) | |
| No comorbidity | 235 (76.0) | 784 (75.7) | 133 (76.0) | |
| Performed surgery | ||||
| Yes | 292 (94.5) | 967 (93.3) | 134 (76.6) | <.0001 |
| No | 17 (5.5) | 69 (6.7) | 41 (23.4) | |
| Type of anesthesia | ||||
| General | 260 (84.1) | 821 (79.2) | 110 (62.9) | <.0001 |
| Spine/Epidural | 14 (4.5) | 36 (3.5) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Other (Nerve Block/Topical/MAC/local) | 35 (11.3) | 179 (17.9) | 64 (36.6) | |
| Regions | ||||
| Riyadh | 240 (77.7) | 624 (60.2) | 84 (48.0) | <.0001 |
| Jeddah | 26 (8.4) | 220 (21.2) | 64 (36.6) | |
| Madinah | 11 (3.6) | 53 (5.0) | 6 (3.4) | |
| Dammam | 12 (3.9) | 70 (6.8) | 15 (8.6) | |
| Alhassa | 20 (6.5) | 70 (6.8) | 6 (3.4) | |
| Year | ||||
| 2016 | 63 (20.4) | 166 (26.2) | 12 (6.9) | <.0001 |
| 2017 | 81 (24.6) | 218 (21.0) | 61 (34.9) | |
| 2018 | 56 (18.1) | 260 (25.1) | 47 (26.9) | |
| 2019 | 74 (21.0) | 224 (21.6) | 31 (17.7) | |
| 2020 | 35 (12.3) | 168 (16.2) | 24 (13.7) |
Data are n (%) unless noted otherwise. ANOVA test for more than two categories per variable, chi-square test and Fisher exact test for less than five observations per cell. MME: Milligram morphine equivalent (MME).