Table 7.

Association between risk factors and outcomes of gastrointestinal complications and operations in ulcerative colitis.

	Gastrointestinal complications				Surgery
	Total	Yes	P value	Missing	Total	Yes	P value	Missing data
Age at presentation
17-40 years	97 (59.5)	31 (32)	.2786	23	103 (60.2)	21 (20.4)	.3796	15
<16 years	32 (19.6)	6 (18.8)			33 (19.3)	4 (12.1)
>40 years	34 (20.9)	12 (35.3)			35 (20.5)	9 (25.7)
Disease burden
Systemic comorbidities	83 (51.6)	28 (33.7)	.2619	25	83 (49.1)	18 (21.7)	.4865	17
Gastrointestinal comorbidities	57 (35)	26 (45.6)	.0015	23	60 (35.1)	15 (25)	.2177	15
Extensive disease	33 (21.3)	11 (33.3)	.8107	31	33 (20.1)	8 (24.2)	.5778	22
Extraintestinal manifestations	47 (29.0)	28 (59.6)	<.0001	24	49 (30.4)	15 (30.6)	.0509	25
Family History	11 (7.5)	1 (9.1)	.1762	39	11 (7.2)	0	.2177	34
Smoking	13 (8.3)	4 (30.8)	.2434	30	13 (8.1)	5 (38.5)	.0575	26
Treatment
Biological treatment	93 (58.9)	23 (24.7)	.1469	28	99 (59.3)	13 (13.1)	.0294	19
Steroid treatment	73 (46.2)	22 (30.1)	.7931	28	76 (45.5)	16 (21.1)	.4495	19
Sex
Female	82 (50.3)	18 (22)	.0231	23	85 (49.7)	13 (15.3)	.1350	15
Male	81 (49.7)	31 (38.3)			86 (50.3)	21 (24.4)

Data are n (%).