Table 3. Publication bias analyses.
| Outcomes | No. of study | Patients | Begg's test | Egger's test |
| PI | 4 | 184 | P = 0.308 | P = 0.105 |
| RMDQ | 2 | 86 | P = 1.000 | - |
| ODI | 1 | 58 | - | - |
| HRQOL(P) | 1 | 42 | - | - |
| HRQOL(M) | 1 | 42 | - | |
| PI: Pain intensity; RMDQ: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index; HRQOL-P: Health-related quality of life-physical; HRQOL-M: Health-related quality of life-mental. | ||||