Table 4.
Within-pairs associations with ED across the entire sample and in DZ and MZ sub-cohorts
| Total sample ED (N = 194 twin pairs) | DZ sample ED (n = 82 twin pairs) | MZ sample ED (n = 112 twin pairs) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 95% CI | SE | Z | b | 95% CI | SE | Z | b | 95% CI | SE | Z | |
| Unadjusted model | ||||||||||||
| ADHD | 22.70*** | 16.31–29.09 | 3.26 | 6.96 | 26.31*** | 18.66–33.97 | 3.91 | 6.74 | 12.29* | 2.73–21.84 | 4.88 | 2.52 |
| Adjusted model | ||||||||||||
| ADHD | 20.41*** | 13.84–26.98 | 3.35 | 6.09 | 25.29*** | 17.74–32.85 | 3.86 | 6.56 | 4.61 | − 2.25–11.47 | 3.50 | 1.32 |
| Autism | 6.55* | 0.06–13.05 | 3.31 | 1.98 | 2.18 | − 7.76–12.12 | 5.07 | 0.43 | 14.72*** | 7.48–21.95 | 3.70 | 3.99 |
| Other NDCs | 3.91 | − 2.65–10.46 | 3.34 | 1.17 | 4.76 | − 4.58–14.10 | 4.77 | 1.00 | 4.14 | − 0.32–8.60 | 2.27 | 1.82 |
| ID | 3.18 | − 7.42–13.77 | 5.41 | 0.59 | 2.96 | − 13.64–19.55 | 8.47 | 0.35 | 7.50 | − 3.53–18.52 | 5.63 | 1.33 |
| Affective conditions | 6.28* | 0.77–11.79 | 2.81 | 2.23 | 3.98 | − 4.80–12.76 | 4.48 | 0.89 | 8.10** | 2.89–13.31 | 2.66 | 3.05 |
Bold indicate p < 0.05; *** = p < 0.001, ** = p < 0.01, * = p < 0.05; Emotion dysregulation (ED) as measured by the sum of t-scores in the dysregulation profile
ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, DZ dizygotic, MZ monozygotic, NDCs neurodevelopmental conditions, ID intellectual disabilit