Table 4.

Initiating causes of stillbirth in the United States, by timing of foetal death, 2014

Antepartum death (N = 4850)	n	%
A1: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities	458	9.4
A2: Infection	3	0.1
A3: Antepartum hypoxia	11	0.2
A4: Other specified antepartum disorder	271	5.6
A5: Disorders related to foetal growth	33	0.7
A6: Antepartum death of unspecified cause	1604	33.1
M1: Complications of placenta, cord and membranes	1701	35.1
M2: Maternal complications of pregnancy	173	3.6
M3: Other complications of labour and delivery	39	0.8
M4: Maternal medical and surgical conditions	444	9.2
Unknown	113	2.3
Intrapartum death (N = 364)	n	%
I1: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities	101	27.8
I2: Birth trauma	0
I3: Acute intrapartum event	1	0.3
I4: Infection	1	0.3
I5: Other specified intrapartum disorder	13	3.6
I6: Disorders related to foetal growth	7	1.9
I7: Intrapartum death of unspecified cause	43	11.8
M1: Complications of placenta, cord and membranes	111	30.5
M2: Maternal complications of pregnancy	35	9.6
M3: Other complications of labour and delivery	14	3.9
M4: Maternal medical and surgical conditions	32	8.8
Unknown	6	1.7

Of the 12,056 foetal deaths in this study, 9024 were in areas that collected data on initiating cause of foetal death. There were 3810 stillbirths where the timing of foetal death in relation to labour was unknown, a combination of those not living during labour and no initial assessment was performed, and those with unknown timing of death