Table 4.
Sex-, age-group- and medication-group-specific relative risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality
| HR (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup | RA | PsA | axSpA |
| All causes of death | |||
| Men | 1.38 (1.32, 1.45) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.47 (1.35, 1.60) |
| Women | 1.48 (1.43, 1.53) | 1.10 (1.00, 1.21) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.36) |
| <55 years | 1.43 (1.26, 1.64) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.19) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) |
| 55–74 years | 1.51 (1.45, 1.58) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.12) | 1.38 (1.25, 1.52) |
| ≥75 years | 1.40 (1.36, 1.45) | 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) | 1.64 (1.44, 1.87) |
| Ever bDMARDs, ever GCs | 1.17 (1.08, 1.27) | 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) | 1.25 (1.03, 1.52) |
| Ever bDMARDs, never GCs | 0.71 (0.55, 0.91) | 0.64 (0.46, 0.90) | 0.74 (0.54, 1.01) |
| Never bDMARDs, ever GCs | 1.56 (1.52, 1.61) | 1.22 (1.12, 1.32) | 1.72 (1.55, 1.91) |
| Never bDMARDs, never GCs | 1.26 (1.17, 1.35) | 0.85 (0.74, 0.97) | 1.23 (1.08, 1.39) |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | |||
| Men | 1.33 (1.22, 1.45) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) | 1.47 (1.24, 1.75) |
| Women | 1.46 (1.37, 1.55) | 1.23 (1.02, 1.48) | 1.24 (0.93, 1.64) |
| <55 years | 1.97 (1.46, 2.65) | 1.55 (1.11, 2.16) | 1.16 (0.76, 1.78) |
| 55–74 years | 1.59 (1.46, 1.74) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 1.46 (1.19, 1.78) |
| ≥75 years | 1.33 (1.25, 1.41) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.33) | 1.41 (1.10, 1.81) |
| Ever bDMARDs, ever GCs | 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) | 1.29 (0.90, 1.84) | 1.78 (1.24, 2.56) |
| Ever bDMARDs, never GCs | 0.95 (0.60, 1.50) | 0.93 (0.50, 1.72) | 0.75 (0.37, 1.50) |
| Never bDMARDs, ever GCs | 1.48 (1.40, 1.57) | 1.13 (0.94, 1.34) | 1.31 (1.03, 1.66) |
| Never bDMARDs, never GCs | 1.38 (1.22, 1.57) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.42) | 1.51 (1.20, 1.91) |
| Neoplasms | |||
| Men | 1.29 (1.18, 1.40) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 1.23 (1.05, 1.44) |
| Women | 1.16 (1.09, 1.25) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.22) |
| <55 years | 1.20 (0.96, 1.49) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.08) | 0.91 (0.65, 1.26) |
| 55–74 years | 1.25 (1.17, 1.34) | 0.92 (0.80, 1.06) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) |
| ≥75 years | 1.16 (1.06, 1.26) | 1.21 (0.95, 1.55) | 1.69 (1.30, 2.20) |
| Ever bDMARDs, ever GCs | 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.22) | 0.90 (0.63, 1.30) |
| Ever bDMARDs, never GCs | 0.36 (0.21, 0.64) | 0.37 (0.19, 0.75) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.45) |
| Never bDMARDs, ever GCs | 1.43 (1.35, 1.52) | 1.30 (1.13, 1.49) | 1.85 (1.57, 2.19) |
| Never bDMARDs, never GCs | 0.77 (0.65, 0.91) | 0.53 (0.40, 0.70) | 0.75 (0.56, 0.98) |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | |||
| Men | 1.82 (1.61, 2.05) | 0.83 (0.58, 1.18) | 1.85 (1.41, 2.43) |
| Women | 1.75 (1.60, 1.92) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.37) | 2.03 (1.46, 2.83) |
| <55 years | 1.81 (1.02, 3.21) | 0.19 (0.03, 1.34) | 1.40 (0.58, 3.37) |
| 55–74 years | 1.82 (1.62, 2.05) | 1.05 (0.79, 1.38) | 1.81 (1.36, 2.40) |
| ≥75 years | 1.74 (1.58, 1.91) | 0.85 (0.56, 1.29) | 2.23 (1.60, 3.13) |
| Ever bDMARDs, ever GCs | 1.62 (1.31, 2.00) | 1.00 (0.52, 1.92) | 1.46 (0.73, 2.91) |
| Ever bDMARDs, never GCs | 0.51 (0.19, 1.36) | NE | 0.34 (0.05, 2.45) |
| Never bDMARDs, ever GCs | 1.99 (1.83, 2.16) | 1.13 (0.86, 1.50) | 3.19 (2.49, 4.07) |
| Never bDMARDs, never GCs | 1.00 (0.78, 1.29) | 0.63 (0.37, 1.06) | 0.83 (0.49, 1.40) |
Adjusted HRs with 95% CI from Cox proportional hazard regression models among patients with RA, PsA and axSpA compared with the general population. Sex-specific HRs were adjusted for education level, health region and age group, and age-group-specific HRs were adjusted for sex, education level and health region. Medication-group-specific HRs were adjusted for sex, age group, education level and health region. axSpA: axial spondyloarthritis; bDMARDs: biologic DMARDs; HR: hazard ratio.; GCs: glucocorticoids; NE: no events.