Table 2.
Post-LSG long-term weight loss and weight regain
| Parameter | Total LSG population (n = 578) | 5–10 years of follow-up (n = 400) |
≥ 10 years of follow-up (n = 178) |
P-value between 5–10 and ≥ 10 yrs follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short follow-up | ||||
| Time to achieve nadir (lowest weight from LSG) (mo.), mean ± SD | 12.8 ± 12.4 | 12.9 ± 12.0 | 12.4 ± 12.1 | 0.826 |
| Nadir BMI (lowest BMI attained) (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.5 ± 4.9 | 27.1 ± 4.6 | 28.4 ± 5.3 | 0.011 |
| Nadir weight (kg), mean ± SD | 77.9 ± 15.5 | 77.2 ± 15.2 | 79.7 ± 16.1 | 0.153 |
| Nadir weight loss (kg), mean ± SD | 40.9 ± 12.5 | 40.9 ± 12.1 | 40.8 ± 13.4 | 0.708 |
| Nadir TWL (%), mean ± SD | 34.3 ± 8.1 | 34.5 ± 8.1 | 33.7 ± 8.2 | 0.475 |
| Nadir EWL (%) mean ± SD | 86.9 ± 22.8 | 88.3 ± 23.1 | 83.7 ± 22.2 | 0.075 |
| Insufficient weight loss, n (%) | 32 (5.5) | 21 (5.3) | 11 (6.2) | 0.696 |
| Short follow-up successful patients, n (%)§§ | 541 (94.4) | 374 (93.5) | 167 (93.8) | 0.696 |
| Short follow-up insufficient weight loss, n (%)§§§ | 32 (5.5) | 21 (5.3) | 11 (6.2) | 0.696 |
| Long follow-up | ||||
| Follow-up duration (yrs.), mean ± SD | 8.8 ± 2.5 | 7.3 ± 1.9 | 11.9 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
| Current weight (kg), mean ± SD | 91.3 ± 20.4 | 89.5 ± 19.2 | 95.4 ± 22.5 | 0.010 |
| Current BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 32.6 ± 6.4 | 32.0 ± 5.9 | 34.1 ± 7.1 | 0.002 |
| Weight loss (kg), mean ± SD | 27.5 ± 14.5 | 28.5 ± 13.5 | 25.2 ± 16.3 | 0.005 |
| Current TWL (%), mean ± SD | 23.1 ± 11.4 | 24.1 ± 10.6 | 20.9 ± 12.6 | 0.005 |
| Current EWL (%), mean ± SD | 58.9 ± 30.1 | 61.7 ± 28.4 | 52.8 ± 32.8 | 0.002 |
| Weight regain | ||||
| Proportion that gained any weight from nadir, n (%)* | 530 (91.7) | 369 (92.2) | 161 (90.4) | 0.308 |
| Time after LSG to weight regain (yrs), mean ± SD† | 3.4 ± 2.0 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 2.4 | 0.123 |
| Weight regain post nadir (kg), mean ± SD†,‡‡ | 13.3 ± 11.1 | 12.2 ± 9.5 | 15.6 ± 13.7 | 0.041 |
| % weight regain (% nadir weight), mean ± SD†,‡ | 17.3 ± 14.6 | 16.1 ± 12.7 | 19.8 ± 17.9 | 0.097 |
| Proportion weight regain (≥ 15.0% of nadir weight)†,‡ | 50.9 (270/530) | 48.8 (180/369) | 55.9 (90/161) | 0.156 |
| % weight regain (%maximum weight lost), mean ± SD†,§ | 33.4 ± 26.1 | 30.8 ± 22.7 | 39.2 ± 31.7 | 0.017 |
| Proportional distribution of weight regain (% of maximum weight lost), n (%)§ | ||||
| No regain* | 45 (7.8) | 27 (7.3) | 18 (11.2) | 0.308 |
| < 25%† | 213 (37.0) | 156 (42.3) | 57 (35.4) | 0.150 |
| ≥ 25– < 50%† | 181 (31.5) | 133 (36.0) | 48 (29.8) | 0.165 |
| ≥ 50%† | 136 (23.6) | 80 (21.7) | 56 (34.8) | 0.002 |
| Long follow-up successful patients, n (%)§§§§ | 345 (59.9) | 253 (63.3) | 92 (51.7) | 0.008 |
| Long follow-up insufficient weight loss, n (%)§§§§§ | 231 (40.0) | 145 (36.3) | 86 (48.3) | 0.008 |
| Proportion of successful patients at nadir that succeeded at long follow-up†† | 341 (59.0) | 249 (62.3) | 92 (51.7) | 0.007 |
| Proportion of successful patients at nadir that failed at long follow-up††† | 200 (34.6) | 125 (31.3) | 75 (42.1) | 0.007 |
BMI, body mass index; TWL, total weight loss; EWL, excess weight loss
*Data were available for 575 patients
†Data were available for 530 patients
‡‡Weight regain post nadir (kg) was calculated based on the following equation: (current weight − nadir weight)
‡% weight regain of nadir weight was calculated based on the following equation: ([current weight − nadir weight] / [nadir weight]) × 100
§% weight regain was of maximum weight lost was calculated based on the following equation: ([current weight − nadir weight] / (baseline weight − nadir weight]) × 100
Proportional distribution of weight regain (< 25%, ≥ 25– < 50%, ≥ 50%) was available for 530 patients since those who did not regain weight (n = 45) were excluded from these analyses
§§Short follow-up successful patients, n (%) = patients with Nadir %EWL ≥ 50%, n (%), data were available for 573 patients
§§§Short follow-up insufficient weight loss, n (%) = patients with Nadir %EWL < 50%, n (%), data were available for 573 patients
§§§§Long follow-up successful patients, n (%) = patients with current weight %EWL ≥ 50%, n (%). Data were available for 576 patients
§§§§§Long follow-up insufficient weight loss, n (%) = patients with current weight %EWL < 50%, data were available for 576 patients
††Proportion of successful patients at nadir that succeeded at long follow-up = [number of patients with nadir EWL ≥ 50% that succeeded also at long follow-up as their current EWL ≥ 50% / number of patients with nadir EWL > 50%] × 100
†††Proportion of successful patients at nadir that failed at long follow-up = [number of patients with nadir EWL ≥ 50% that failed at long follow-up as their current EWL < 50% / number of patients with nadir EWL > 50%] × 100