Table 1.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety at two wave surveys by demographics (N = 28,398)
| Characteristics | N | Depression (%) | Anxiety (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T1 | T2 | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Boy | 14,981 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 5.3 | 4.7 |
| Girl | 13,417 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 9.8 | 9.8 |
| χ2 | 275.44*** | 301.85*** | 212.52*** | 275.70*** | |
| Grade [age, years] | |||||
| Grade 5 [11.14(0.62)] | 10,545 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 4.2 |
| Grade 6 [12.08(0.59)] | 5991 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
| Grade 7 [13.02(0.60)] | 7031 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 8.9 | 9.9 |
| Grade 8 [13.95(0.62)] | 4832 | 15.5 | 14.2 | 12.3 | 11.1 |
| χ2 | 333.64*** | 406.88*** | 289.72*** | 348.35*** | |
| School types | |||||
| Public school | 13,934 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 7.0 | 6.8 |
| Private school | 14,464 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 7.9 | 7.5 |
| χ2 | 5.83* | 6.87** | 7.67** | 5.84* | |
| Boarding at school | |||||
| Yes | 2317 | 11.3 | 10.4 | 7.9 | 7.8 |
| No | 26,081 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 7.1 |
| χ2 | 5.34* | 3.25 | 0.82 | 1.84 | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Han | 27,055 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 7.1 |
| Others | 1343 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 6.6 |
| χ2 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.68 | |
| Only-children family | |||||
| Yes | 5638 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 6.3 |
| No | 22,760 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 7.5 | 7.3 |
| χ2 | 9.45** | 6.65** | 0.70 | 7.47** | |
| Parental marital status | |||||
| Good | 27,047 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 7.2 | 6.9 |
| Poor | 1351 | 16.4 | 14.4 | 11.6 | 11.3 |
| χ2 | 66.55*** | 41.88*** | 36.30*** | 38.00*** | |
| Family income (monthly) | |||||
| < ¥12,000 | 12,506 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 7.1 | 6.9 |
| ¥12,000–¥30,000 | 7423 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 6.8 | 7.0 |
| > ¥30,000 | 2342 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 6.4 |
| Unknown | 6127 | 12.0 | 10.5 | 9.2 | 7.9 |
| χ2 | 43.17*** | 13.11** | 38.10*** | 8.06* | |
| Father’s education | |||||
| Junior high school or less | 8556 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 7.8 | 7.4 |
| Senior high school | 8459 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 6.7 |
| College or more | 11,383 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 7.3 | 7.2 |
| χ2 | 11.45** | 1.19 | 2.15 | 3.17 | |
| Mother’s education | |||||
| Junior high school or less | 10,236 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 7.2 |
| Senior high school | 7905 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 7.4 | 7.3 |
| College or more | 10,257 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 7.2 | 6.9 |
| χ2 | 6.80* | 2.66 | 2.14 | 1.19 | |
| Chronic physical illness | |||||
| Yes | 984 | 15.1 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 11.7 |
| No | 27,414 | 9.1 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.0 |
| χ2 | 64.10*** | 40.24*** | 70.64*** | 32.21*** | |
| Family history of mental disorders | |||||
| Yes | 267 | 24.0 | 20.2 | 21.0 | 12.4 |
| No | 28,131 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 7.3 | 7.1 |
| χ2 | 59.94*** | 37.54 | 71.95 | 11.21** | |
All demographics variables were measured at Time 1
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, **p < 0.001