Table 1.
Review of similar cases with HHV-7 encephalitis in adults in the literature
| Clinical diagnosis/immune status | Age | Gender | Primary infection/reactivation | Presentation | Cerebrospinal fluid | MRI/Brain CT | Antiviral therapy | Outcome | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCR/mNGS | Other | Survival | Neurological deficit | ||||||||
| Encephalitis and inflammatory demyelinating disease/immunocompetent | 28 | Male | Primary infection | Headache,dizziness, fever, optic neuritis and epileptic-seizures | HHV-7 DNA in CSF (mNGS and PCR) | Anti-HHV-7 IgM and IgG in CSF,610 WBCs/mm3,protein 1.28 g/L, normal glucose | Hyperintensities involving the left frontal, orbital gyrus and bilateral optic nerve with substantial contrast enhancement (MRI) | Ganciclovir | Survived and remaining partially visually impaired | None | Li et al. [4] |
| Encephalitis/immunocompetent | 44 | Male | Reactivation | Gait impairment, anxiety, and urinary urgency | HHV-7 DNA in CSF (PCR) | 60 lymphocytes/mm3,protein 0.449 g/L, normal glucose | Bilateral hyperintensities involving pyramidal tracts and basal ganglia with mild enhancement (MRI) | Ganciclovir、Foscarnet | Survived | Mild spasticity, hyperreflexia, and manageable sporadic urinary urgency | Corral et al. [5] |
| Encephalitis/immunocompetent | 26 | Male | NA | Fever, frontal headache, cervical and lumber pain, vomiting | HHV-7 DNA in CSF (PCR) | 110 leucocytes, protein 0.82 g/L, glucose 0.6 g/L | Normal (MRI) | Acyclovir、Ganciclovir | Survived | None | Parra et al. [6] |
| Limbic encephalitis/immunocompetent | 35 | Male | Reactivation | General fatigue, fever, headache, vomiting, consciousness disturbance, and seizures | HHV-7 DNA in CSF (PCR) | Pleocytosis (35/mm3)with 94% lymphocytes, protein 0.765 g/L, glucose 1.13 g/L | High intensity areas in the bilateral hippocampi and periventricular white matter (MRI) | Acyclovir | Survived | None | Aburakawa et al. [7] |
| Neurosarcoidosis/immunocompetent | 44 | Male | Reactivation | Loss of visual acuity and papilledema | HHV-7 DNA in CSF (PCR) | Pleocytosis with 98% lymphocytes, protein 1.197 g/L, glucose 1.2 mmol/L | Papilledema(MRI) | None | Survived | NA | Martikainen et al. [8] |
| Encephalitis/stem cell recipient | 52 | Male | Reactivation | Impaired consciousness,short-term memory deficit,partial seizures | HHV-7 DNA in CSF(PCR) | Normal cell count and glucose and a mildly elevated protein level | Increased signal flair in the hippocampi(MRI) | Ganciclovir、Foscarnet | Died | NA | Holden [9] |
| Encephalitis/immunocompetent | 26 | Female | NA | Mental and behavior disorder, fever, coma, intermittent convulsions | HHV-7 DNA in CSF (mNGS) | 1 leucocytes, protein 0.341 g/L, glucose 0.504 g/L | Normal (CT) | Acyclovir、Ganciclovir | Survived | None | Current case |
NA not available; PCR polymerase chain reaction; WBCs white blood cells; MRI magnetic resonance imaging; CT computed tomography; mNGS metagenomic next generation sequencing