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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Surg Endosc. 2017 Jun 29;32(1):252–259. doi: 10.1007/s00464-017-5671-1

Table 1.

Summary of critical appraisal of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for cohort studies

Study ID Selection (max 4 stars) Comparability (max 2 stars) Outcomes (max 3 stars)

Kumar and Thompson [19] *** - **
Patel et al. [20] *** - **
Vargas et al. 2017 (This study) *** - **

The number of * reflects the number of stars each reference was given as part of their appraisal process with the least amount being none and highest amount attainable found in each column