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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 11;93:171–218. doi: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.008

Figure 2: Home-cage ethanol exposure promotes operant ethanol self-administration.

Figure 2:

A) 20% alcohol v/v is given every other day in the home-cage for 4 weeks, resulting in escalated intake and increased preference. Then, B) rats are trained to operantly respond for alcohol by nosepoking for 30s presentations of an alcohol sipper. During self-administration, consummatory behavior is measured using contact lickometers to measure C) alcohol intake, and also D) appetitive nosepoking behavior during tests such as progressive ratio.