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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 11;93:171–218. doi: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.008

Figure 6: Schematic of how nicotine’s effects on the appetitive and consummatory processes of alcohol.

Figure 6:

Nicotine can enhance appetitive responding and approach towards alcohol in the presence of 1a) alcohol-paired occasions setters and contexts, and 1b) discrete alcohol paired conditioned stimuli. Following approach and initiation of alcohol consumption, nicotine also can 2a) increase alcohol consumption following chronic treatment, although acute nicotine and decrease intake in some situations. Finally, 2b) nicotine is suggested to further enhance alcohol intake by blunting the post-ingestive consequences of alcohol, for example by blocking the perception of dose and intoxication.