Table 1.
Demographic, laboratory and macro/micronutrient findings in NAFLD and lean control subjects.
| NAFLD (n=28) | Lean (n=15) | p value | Normal Values |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 12.7 ± 1.9 | 13.1 ± 1.8 | 0.44 | -- |
| Male sex, % | 20 (71.4%) | 7 (46.7%) | 0.11 | -- |
| Ethnicity, % | ||||
| Hispanic | 24 (88.9%) | 6 (40.0%) | 0.001 | -- |
| Non-Hispanic | 3 (11.1%) | 9 (60.0%) | 0.001 | -- |
| Mean BMI | 32.3 ± 5.8 | 18.9 ± 2.2 | <0.001 | -- |
| BMI z-score | 2.3 ± 0.3 | -0.05 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | -- |
| Laboratory Testing | ||||
| ALT, IU/L | 130.9 ± 101.4 | 29.2 ± 5.2 | <0.001 | 10-45 IU/L |
| AST, IU/L | 75.4 ± 50.2 | 35.7 ± 8.2 | 0.01 | 15-40 IU/L |
| CRP, mg/dL | 2.1 ± 1.9 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.01 | <0.5 mg/dL |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 64.7 ± 22.8 | 60.0 ± 28.7 | 0.56 | 2.3-5.4 mg/dL |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 158.6 ± 37.9 | 133.2 ± 19.7 | 0.04 | ≤170 mg/dL |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 157.3 ± 83.2 | 81.42 ± 22.8 | 0.004 | ≤150 mg/dL |
| HDL, mg/dL | 39.2 ± 8.0 | 46.9 ± 6.7 | 0.006 | <35 mg/dL |
| HOMA-IR | 9.2 ± 7.1 | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 0.003 | <2.60 |
| Adiponectin, ug/mL | 7.6 ± 3.2 | 13.3 ± 5.8 | <0.001 | 3.5-14.4 ug/mL |
| Leptin, ng/mL | 29.8 ± 14.7 | 8.6 ± 8.0 | <0.001 | 3.7-11.4 ng/mL |
| Alpha-tocopherol/total lipids, mg/g | 0.015 ± 0.004 | 0.017 ± 0.002 | 0.06 | >0.8 mg/gm |
| Beta-carotene/total lipids, mg/g | 0.002 ± 0.002 | 0.004 ± 0.003 | 0.03 | -- |
| F(2)-Isoprostanes/urine creatinine | 669.2 ± 278.0 | 310.5 ± 130.0 | <0.001 | -- |
| Micro/Macronutrient | NAFLD (n=28) | Lean (n=15) | p value | |
| Total Calories, kcal | 1658.4 ± 795.1 | 1610.5 ± 760.5 | 0.85 | |
| % Protein of Total kcal | 16.7 ± 3.1 | 15.6 ± 2.0 | 0.22 | |
| % Fat of Total kcal | 28.3 ± 6.0 | 30.6 ± 4.1 | 0.19 | |
| % Carbohydrates of Total kcal | 56.9 ± 7.2 | 55.3 ± 5.1 | 0.44 | |
| % Added Sugar of Total kcal | 21.9 ± 7.6 | 21.1 ± 4.8 | 0.71 | |
| % Fructose of Total kcal | 6.6 ± 2.4 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 0.35 | |
| % Sucrose of Total kcal | 9.8 ± 3.7 | 10.2 ± 2.3 | 0.73 | |
| % Glucose of Total kcal | 5.5 ± 2.0 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 0.43 | |
| Total Sugar, g | 111.1 ± 48.6 | 109.7 ± 58.0 | 0.93 | |
| Sucrose, g | 38.5 ± 16.4 | 42.2 ± 24.0 | 0.55 | |
| Fructose, g | 26.2 ± 12.4 | 23.3 ± 11.4 | 0.46 | |
| Glucose, g | 21.7 ± 9.6 | 20.3 ± 12.2 | 0.67 | |
| Saturated Fat, g | 18.1 ± 9.7 | 20.6 ± 11.9 | 0.46 | |
| Monounsaturated Fat, g | 18.4 ± 10.4 | 18.5 ± 9.9 | 0.97 | |
| Polysunsaturated Fat, g | 11.3 ± 7.3 | 10.6 ± 5.1 | 0.72 | |
| Iron, μmol/L | 13.4 ± 8.7 | 19.7 ± 13.5 | 0.07 | |
| Magnesium, μmol/L | 264.3 ± 140.4 | 240.8 ± 110.5 | 0.58 | |
| Zinc, mg | 11.0 ± 6.6 | 16.5 ± 10.4 | 0.04 | |
| Vitamin A, mcg | 7620.8 ± 6113.4 | 10292.8 ± 5249.0 | 0.21 | |
| Vitamin B, mg | 6.5 ± 5.8 | 9.2 ± 5.3 | 0.15 | |
| Vitamin C, mg | 115.7 ± 51.9 | 119.6 ± 63.6 | 0.83 | |
| Vitamin D, IU | 240.6 ± 217.9 | 376.4 ± 297.9 | 0.09 | |
| Vitamin E, mg | 6.4 ± 4.9 | 11.0 ± 9.9 | 0.05 | |
| Recommended Daily Allowance | % Above Range | % Above Range | ||
| Protein | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total Fat | 11 | 13 | ||
| Saturated Fat | 54 | 80 | ||
| Added Sugar | 57 | 80 |
BMI:Body Mass Index
All values are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.